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1. Integration of Conservation and Utilization in Temperate Hardwood Species -- 2. The Conservation of Genetic and Chemical Diversity in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants -- 3. Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Wild Relatives of Crop Species -- 4. Perspectives on Human Genome Diversity within Pakistan using Y Chromosomal and Autosomal Microsatellite Markers -- 5. Lessons from Nature Show the Way to Safe and Environmentally Pacific Pest Control -- 6. Biodiversity of Soil Fauna in Different Ecosystems in Egypt with Particular References to Insect Predators -- 7. Optimization of Natural Procedures Leads: Discovery of MylotargTM, CCI-779 and GAR-936 -- 8. Bioactive Compounds from Some Endangered Plants of Africa -- 9. New Bioactive Substances Reported from the African Flora -- 10. Bioactive Components of a Peruvian Herbal Medicine, Chucuhuasi (Maytenus amazonica) -- 11. Discovery of Natural Products from Indonesian Tropical Rainforest Plants: Chemodiversity of Artocarpus (Moraceae) -- 12. Seminal Findings on a Novel Enzyme: Mechanism of Biochemical Action of 4-Methylcoumarins, Constituents of Medicinal and Edible Plants -- 13. Medicinal Plants—A Source of Potential Chemicals of Diverse Structures and Biological Activity -- 14. Biodiversity in Turkish Folk Medicine -- 15. Biodiversity of Phenylethanoids Glycosides -- 16. The Chemo- and Biodiversity of Endophytes -- 17. Molecular Diversity and Specificity of Arthropod Toxins -- 18. Chemical Diversity of Coral Reef Organisms -- 19. Chemical Signals from Sponges and their Allelopathic Effects on Other Marine Animals -- 20. Anti-Cancer Metabolites from Marine Sponges -- 21. Altitudinal and Latitudinal Diversity on the Flora on Eastern and Western Sides of the Red Sea -- 22. Biodiversity and Free Market Mechanism -- 23. Domestication and Determination of Yield and Quality Aspects of Wild Mentha Species Growing in Southern Turkey -- 24. Some Ornamental Geophytes from the East Anatolia -- 25. Bioactive Molecules from Cynodon dactylon of Indian Biodiversity -- 26. Phenylethanoid Glycosides with Free Radical Scavenging Properties from Verbascum wiedemannianum -- 27. Antioxidant Activity of Capsicum annuum L. Fruit Extracts on Acetaminophen Toxicity -- 28. In Vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Proanthocyanidins and Related Compounds -- 29. Evaluation of the Antileishmanial Activity of Two New Diterpenoids and Extracts from Salvia cilicica -- 30. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Sedum sartorianum subsp. sartorianum -- 31. Blood Pressure Lowering Activity of Active Principle from Ocimum basilicum -- 32. Chemical Variability in Azadirachta indica Growing in Tamil Nadu State of India -- 33. Pesticidal Activity of Eucalyptus Leaf Extracts againstHelicoverpa armigeraLarvae -- 34. Two New Lignans from Taxus baccata L. -- 35. Lignans from Taxus baccata L. -- 36. Heraclenol and Isopimpinellin: Two Rare Furocoumarins from Ruta montana -- 37. A Chemotaxonomic Study on the Genus Ferulago Sect. Humiles (Umbelliferae) -- 38. Aromatic Biodiversity among Three Endemic Thymus Species of Iran -- 39. Volatile Constituents of the Leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd. from Iran -- 40. Fatty Acid Composition of the Aerial Parts of Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle) L. (Urticaceae) -- 41. Fatty Acid Composition of Aconitum orientale Miller and A. nasutum Fisch. ex Reichb Seeds, A Chemotaxonomic Approach -- 42. New Peptide from a Bacterium Associated with Marine Sponge Ircinia muscarum -- 43. Sheep Brain Glutathione Reductase: Purification and Some Properties -- 44. Some Morphological and Phenological Characters of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Grown in Hatay Province of Turkey -- 45. Genetic Diversity of Two Native Forest Tree Species in Turkey: Pinus brutia Ten. and Cupressus sempervirens L. -- 46. The Vegetation Studies in the Pure Stands of Kürtün (Gümü?hane) Forests in Turkey -- 47. 7th Year IPM Implementation: The Biodiversity of Pests and their Beneficial Species in the Protected Vegetable in the Aegean Region of Turkey -- 48. Phytopreparations from the Species of Limonium Mill -- 49. The Biological Activities of New Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Nitrogen and Sulphur -- 50. Synthetic Modification of Iridoids to Non-natural Indole Alkaloids -- 51. The Complexation of New 1,3-Dithiocalix[4]arene Containing Oxime Derivative -- 52. Convenient Route to Quinoline-Tetrahydroquinolines from Quinoline-Carboxaldehydes -- 53. Quantum Chemical Research of Quercetin, Myricetin, their Bromo- and Sulpho Derivatives -- 54. Destruction and Conservation of Turkish Orchids -- Annex -- Author Index.

Since the late colonial period, Sri Lanka has been subject to modern democratic state building experiments. The number of challenges this project has encountered is rising. Many of these challenges have been identified alongside the multi-ethnic character of Sri Lanka's population, illuminating the antagonistic inter-ethnic relations between the majority Sinhalese and the minority Tamils. The various policy measures designed endogeneously and exogenously focused on building a democratic state where the rights of the ethnic minorities could be guaranteed. However, the outcomes of these policy measures have not reflected this goal. These policy measures have not sufficiently contributed to a guarantee of rights for ethnic minorities and paid ill attention to numerous other tensions that are of a non-inter-ethnic nature in Sri Lanka's state building project. By focusing on the broader state-in-society relations and privileging hegemonic formations in Sinhalese politics through historical and contemporary times, this thesis re-problematises the issue of Sri Lanka's state building. This thesis also aims to answer the following key questions: what are the key hegemony building processes identified in Sri Lanka's state building project?; how do the dynamics in Sinhalese politics and the broader political and economic context influence these processes?; what were the main tensions between hegemony building and state building in Sri Lanka?; and how did they affect democratic state building? These questions are examined by applying a qualitative method of inquiry. The data for this study has been collected through a series of field interviews conducted in Sri Lanka in 2009 and 2011, as well as a preliminary literature survey conducted between 2005–07. The in-depth field interviews were carried out with the aim of gathering primary data on the perceptions, first hand experiences and narratives of the trajectories of elite and subaltern politics and state building. The primary data gathered through an extensive literature survey that was further complemented with the field interviews and a process of observation. Based on critical analysis of the data gathered from the above mentioned multiple sources, the research argues primarily that state building in Sri Lanka has been a struggle for hegemony of the right, in which the Sinhalese political elites and the broader Sinhalese community have played a decisive and an equally important role. The empirical inquiry identified four hegemony building processes – Sinhala-Buddhist nationalism, a political party driven and a patronage system institutionalised at the state level, and events and discourses of war, peace and conflict that were used by the dominant Sinhalese political elites in their attempt to build political alliances in order to obtain consent and legitimacy for their rule, which essentially influenced the trajectories of Sri Lanka's state building. The findings of this research suggest that, due to the underlying principle of inequality and right-wing political ideologies present in the above hegemony building processes, the state building project has consequently been drifting away from the path of democratic state building and fermenting the conditions for realising hegemony of the right. The results of this study show several implications for state building at the scholarly and policy level. At the scholarly level, it shows the relevance of examining politics as usual and politics taken for granted. Further theoretically and methodologically this research shows the relevance of enaging with class and the dynamics of class relations for the study of Sri Lanka's state building. At both the policy and scholarly levels, this study shows that in understanding the paths and dilemmas of state building, particularly in the contexts of civil war and post-civil war scenarios, it is not only the much debated and antagonistic inter-ethnic relations that should receive attention, but also the subtle hegemonic relationship formations and the hegemony building strategies taking place at the intra-ethnic community level. Last but not least, this study highlights the need for re-examining policies aimed at state building by considering state–in-society relations in the broadest possible manner, which is done by tracing the seemingly disconnected strategies that are being pursued by the political elites under changing social, political and economic contexts in both the local and global spheres.

Through the lens of readiness theory, this book focuses on elements that determine the success and failure in negotiating peace agreements in intractable ethno-national conflicts. Examining three cases of mediated negotiation in Aceh, Sudan, and Sri Lanka, the book provides an analytical framework for studying the processes underlying the movement toward conflict resolution. By studying readiness theory's capacity to identify the factors that influence parties' readiness to reach an agreement, it constitutes another step in the development of readiness theory beyond the pre-negotiation stage. The work highlights the central role that third parties - mediators and the international community - play in the success or failure of peace processes, illuminating the mechanisms through which third parties affect the dynamics and outcome of the process. The systematic examination of readiness theory in these cases is instructive for researchers as well as for practitioners who seek to successfully mediate intractable conflicts and help adversaries achieve peace accords.

for several decades, the area of development has been striving to promote women's empowerment. It is tempting to contrast different visions of the concept according to its ideological and political foundations, from radical approaches focused on collective struggle and social change to neoliberal approaches based on individual empowerment and market integration. The analysis of the daily reality of the struggles calls on us to recognise the ambivalent, sometimes paradoxical and always complex, dimension of the pathways to emancipation. This analysis of daily struggles does not hide their material, although essential, but also calls on us to disguise the diversity and capillarity of the processes of access to power, as well as their emotional, emotional, emotional and physical dimension. Emotions and influences shape and express power: a better understanding of them is essential if we want to think about possible ways of reversing or reversing it. ; International audience ; for several decades, the area of development has been striving to promote women's empowerment. It is tempting to contrast different visions of the concept according to its ideological and political foundations, from radical approaches focused on collective struggle and social change to neoliberal approaches based on individual empowerment and market integration. The analysis of the daily reality of the struggles calls on us to recognise the ambivalent, sometimes paradoxical and always complex, dimension of the pathways to emancipation. This analysis of daily struggles does not hide their material, although essential, but also calls on us to disguise the diversity and capillarity of the processes of access to power, as well as their emotional, emotional, emotional and physical dimension. Emotions and influences shape and express power: a better understanding of them is essential if we want to think about possible ways of reversing or reversing it. ; Depuis plusieurs décennies, le champ du développement s'évertue à promouvoir l'empowerment des ...

Background: Having 90% of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and achieving an undetectable viral load (VL) is 1 of the 90: 90: 90 by 2020 targets. In this global analysis, we investigated the proportions of adult and paediatric patients with VL suppression in the first 3 years after ART initiation. Methods: Patients from the IeDEA cohorts who initiated ART between 2010 and 2014 were included. Proportions with VL suppression (<1000 copies/ mL) were estimated using (1) strict intention to treat (ITT)-loss to follow-up (LTFU) and dead patients counted as having detectable VL; and (2) modified ITT-LTFU and dead patients were excluded. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of viral suppression at 1 year after ART initiation using modified ITT. Results: A total of 35,561 adults from 38 sites/16 countries and 2601 children from 18 sites/6 countries were included. When comparing strict with modified ITT methods, the proportion achieving VL suppression at 3 years from ART initiation changed from 45.1% to 90.2% in adults, and 60.6% to 80.4% in children. In adults, older age, higher CD4 count preART, and homosexual/bisexual HIV exposure were associated with VL suppression. In children, older age and higher CD4 percentage pre-ART showed significant associations with VL suppression. Conclusions: Large increases in the proportion of VL suppression in adults were observed when we excluded those who were LTFU or had died. The increases were less pronounced in children. Greater emphasis should be made to minimize LTFU and maximize patient retention in HIV-infected patients of all age groups. ; U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development ; National Cancer Institute ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA ; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, USA ; Health Resources and Services Administration, USA ; Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada ; Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care ; Government of Alberta, Canada ; Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute ; Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing ; UNSW, Kirby Inst, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia ; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA ; Fdn Huesped, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina ; Univ Chile, Sch Med, Santiago, Chile ; Fdn Arriaran, Santiago, Chile ; Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Cape Town, South Africa ; Childrens Hosp 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Univ Cape Town, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa ; Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada ; YRGCARE Med Ctr, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Pediat Infect Dis Div, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil ; Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA ; Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Cape Town, South Africa ; Tygerberg Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa ; Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Bern, Switzerland ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Pediat Infect Dis Div, Escola Paulista Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil ; NCI: U01AI035004 ; NCI: U01AI035039 ; NCI: U01AI035040 ; NCI: U01AI035041 ; NCI: U01AI035042 ; NCI: U01AI037613 ; NCI: U01AI037984 ; NCI: U01AI038855 ; NCI: U01AI038858 ; NCI: U01AI042590 ; NCI: U01AI068634 ; NCI: U01AI068636 ; NCI: U01AI069432 ; NCI: U01AI069434 ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA: CDC-200-2006-18797 ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA: CDC-200-2015-63931 ; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, USA: 90047713 ; Health Resources and Services Administration, USA: 90051652 ; Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada: CBR-86906 ; Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada: CBR-94036 ; Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada: HCP-97105 ; Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada: TGF-96118 ; NCI: P30AI027757 ; NCI: P30AI027763 ; NCI: P30AI027767 ; NCI: P30AI036219 ; NCI: P30AI050410 ; NCI: P30AI094189 ; NCI: P30AI110527 ; NCI: P30MH62246 ; NCI: R01AA016893 ; NCI: R01CA165937 ; NCI: R01DA004334 ; NCI: R01DA011602 ; NCI: R01DA012568 ; NCI: R24AI067039 ; NCI: U01AA013566 ; NCI: U01AA020790 ; NCI: U01AI1031834 ; NCI: U01AI034989 ; NCI: U01AI034993 ; NCI: U01AI034994 ; NCI: M01RR000052 ; NCI: U54MD007587 ; NCI: UL1RR024131 ; NCI: UL1TR000004 ; NCI: UL1TR000083 ; NCI: UL1TR000454 ; NCI: UM1AI035043 ; NCI: Z01CP010214 ; NCI: Z01CP010176 ; NCI: U01AI069907 ; NCI: U01AI069923 ; NCI: U01AI069924 ; NCI: U01AI069918 ; NCI: F31DA037788 ; NCI: G12MD007583 ; NCI: K01A1093197 ; NCI: K23EY013707 ; NCI: K24DA000432 ; NCI: K24AI065298 ; NCI: KL2TR000421 ; NCI: N02CP055504 ; NCI: U01AI103390 ; NCI: U01AI103397 ; NCI: U01AI103401 ; NCI: U01AI103408 ; NCI: U01DA036935 ; NCI: U01HD032632 ; NCI: U10EY008057 ; NCI: U10EY008052 ; NCI: U10EY008067 ; NCI: U24AA020794 ; Web of Science