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This paper addresses a methodological problem of choice experiments, namely the problem that respondents sometimes avoid the intellectual effort of thoroughly considering the trade-offs between different alternatives that are the essence of every choice experiment, and tick instead the next best alternative without the necessary deliberation. This kind of behaviour which is called "nontrading" in the respective literature calls into question the validity of choice experiments. In this paper, which is based on an online choice experiment concerned with consumer's tastes for table grapes with 1,000 participants, we suggest possibilities to identify potential non-traders not only by their answering behaviour but also by some general characteristics we found to be typical of this kind of respondent.

Consumers' motivation for photograph posting as a taste expression practice on social media platforms from an offline aesthetic perspective has been neglected in the literature. We explored the influential mechanisms in this relationship using positive emotional arousal and self-expression
as mediators and centrality of visual servicescape aesthetics as a moderator. Data were collected from 273 consumers who had recently dined in well-designed restaurants in China and used social media. The results support the direct and indirect role of offline aesthetic design in consumers'
formation of the intention to post photographs of their dining ambience on social media, and the partially moderating role of their aesthetic trait. Theoretical and practical implications for hospitality management and social media research are discussed.

This article introduces the special issue of the journal on France as a Laboratory of Culture. It asks whether France continues to foster creativity and innovation in the cultural realm. Six articles examine case studies, including the role of women in the making of modern Paris, France's role in world cinema through international co-production, French conceptions of world literature, recent fictional works by Alice Zeniter and Bessora, the rapper Abd al Malik as a complex example of hybrid music, and the state-funded project to create ÉcoQuartiers, or green neighbourhoods. These examples provide challenges to the way things are, whether in changing behaviours, tastes, perceptions or understandings, and demonstrate convincingly that France remains a vibrant laboratory of culture in the modern world.

In the article the features of conceptual approach to creation and functioning of a toy-book on the modern book publishing market are studied. The basic requirements and principles of submission of text and visual material in the submitted editions are considered. The technical features of alignment in accordance with the legislative-normative acts and the peculiarities of perception of the reader's audience are investigated. The functional characteristics of education and game motives in a book-toy are revealed. A list of tips and principles for popularizing literature and culture among the youngest category of readers, development of their tastes and preferences through the non-standard form of filing text and illustrative material has been applied.

Abstract: This paper explores the dilemmas that social movement organizations face as they seek to conform to institutional norms in order to expand their media influence. In particular, I examine the similarity of strategic decision-making of two key organizations in the Human Rights Movement. The analysis shows how isomorphism occurred as both Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch adapted their advocacy efforts and employee job descriptions to the tastes, routines and information demands of the global media. However, I also demonstrate that such pathways are disrupted as organizational values act to mediate the influence of isomorphism on the internal dynamics of organizations. The article also contributes to the growing literature on human rights activism and global social movements more generally.

This paper studies the business cycle in Germany using the HP-filter (Hodrick/Prescott (1997)) to isolate the cyclical component. A two-country International Business Cycle model in line with Baxter/Crucini (1995) is built to explain these facts. The combination of GHH-preferences with taste shocks resulting from government consumption is shown to be an important feature of the German business cycle. A VAR model for the exogenous variables is estimated that enables the model not only to account well for the observed positive international correlations of outputs, consumptions and savings but also for their lead-lag relationship. Hours worked and investments are positively correlated in this model - a property not realized in other single-good models of the International Business Cycle in the literature.

The end of the Cold War brought with it a temporary euphoria about prospects for a worldwide "third wave" of democratization to sweep the globe. If civil society had triumphed in the former Soviet bloc, perhaps political liberalism would spread elsewhere. No sooner had the sweet taste of victory over communism subsided, however, than Western observers turned their attention to another, allegedly uniquely, antidemocratic current- Islam-whose civilizational values seem to clash with Western liberalism even more fundamentally than Marxism. Whereas people in other parts of the world crave civil society, so the argument goes, political openings in the Muslim world have only fanned the flames of religious extremism. This argument finds much support in Orientalist literature, scholarship, and journalism.

This book presents a critical analysis of sense-making practices through an exploration of acoustic, creative, and artistic spaces. It studies how local cultures of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch are impacted by global discourses and media, such as television, popular music, digital media, and literature. The authors look at sense-making practices and spatial discourses through an interconnected discussion on thought and experience that seeks to present a multidimensional cartography of the global, the local, and the glocal, to closely analyze the phenomenon of globalization. The volume is an investigation of the possibilities of alternate, sustainable modes of being and existing in a world which requires a unified, ethical, biopolitical worldview that challenges the disparity of its fragments while speculating on their synesthetic conditionality. A unique contribution, the book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of English literature, media studies, cultural studies, literary cultures, post-colonial studies, globalization studies, philosophy, critical theory, sociology, and social anthropology.

This book discusses globalization trends and influences on traditional African oral literary performance and the direction that Ilorin oral art is forced to take by the changes of the twenty-first century electronic age. It seeks a new definition of contemporary African bourgeois in terms of their global reach, imitation of foreign forms, and collaboration with the owners of primary agencies. Additionally, it makes a case that African global lords or new bourgeoisie who are largely products of the new global capital and multinational corporations' socio-political and cultural influences fashion their tastes after Western cultures as portrayed in the digital realm. Abdul-Rasheed Na'Allah is Vice-Chancellor, Chief Executive Officer, and Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Kwara State University, Nigeria. He is co-author of Introduction to African Oral Literature and Performance (2005), and author of Africanity, Islamicity and Performativity: Identity in the House of Ilorin (2009), African Discourse in Islam, Oral Traditions, and Performance (2010), and Cultural Globalization And Plurality: Africa and the New World (2011)

At the beginning of the 20th century, as the popularity of Maurice Maeterlinck grew, more and more often the names of the Belgian symbolist, his characters, quotations and paraphrases of his texts occurred in the Latvian fiction. A character in Latvian literature, a reader and connoisseur of Maeterlinck indirectly reflects the taste of people interested in literature at the time and through the prism of reception aesthetics provides an insight into the specific features of reading the popular writer. Thus Maeterlinck's intertext reveals the most essential Belgian concepts and aspects of metaphysical thought to Latvian writers. It can be read both in the works of art of Maeterlinck's translators – Zeltmatis (Ernests Kārkliņš) and Augusts Baltpurviņš and in the works of other Latvian writers at the beginning of the 20th century: Viktors Eglītis, Edvards Vulfs, Fallijs and Antons Austriņš. In the case of the male character the bond is created with Maeterlinck's own literary activities and his innovations, whereas the female characters are depicted as alien: heroines of Maeterlinck's plays resemble Pre-Raphaelite damsels.

This article is a review of the afterlife, or Nachleben, of the romanceVis and Rāmin, one of the first representatives of its genre in New Persian literature. In addition to providing readers with an extensive bibliography of sources and research concerning the poem, it also analyzes these materials to put forward two basic arguments: one, that moral or religious antipathy to the poem's contents may not have played as great a role in its fortunes as did aesthetic taste; and two, that V&R proved to be a more widely circulated and durable work than is commonly supposed, but on the level of fragments, not the entire text. In light of these arguments, it is proposed that studies structured around the comparison of fragments—themes, ideas, ethics, and motifs, rather than whole texts—may offer more purchase in constructing models of analysis that situate V&R, and Persian literature more broadly, within a literary oikumene in which it connects and interacts with neighboring traditions.

WILLIAM STYRON'S NAT TURNER: TEN BLACK WRITERS RESPOND. Edited by John Henrik ClarkeTHE SOCIAL REBEL IN AMERICAN LITERATURE. Edited by Robert H. Woodward and James J. ClarkA TOWER IN BABEL. By Erik BarnouwTHE GOLDEN WEB. By Erik BarnouwLIVING‐ROOM WAR. By Michael J. ArlenYESTERDAY'S TOMORROWS: A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF FUTURE SOCIETIES. By W. H. G. ArmytageNERO WOLFE OF WEST THIRTY‐FIFTH STREET. By William S. Baring‐GouldTHE TROUBLE BEGINS AT EIGHT. By Fred W. LordOLD WOLFVILLEWOLFVILLE YARNS OF ALFRED HENRY LEWIS. Selected and edited by Rolfe and John HumphriesTHE PENDERGAST MACHINE. By Lyle W. DorsettPOVERTY AND POLITICS: The Rise and Decline of The Farm Security Administration. By Sidney BaldwinTHE LITERATURE OF VIRGINA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, Second Edition. By Howard Mumford JonesTHE WALL AND THE GARDEN: SELECTED MASSACHUSETS ELECTION SERMONS 1670–1755. Edited by A. W. PlumsteadTHE ARCHITECTURE OF HISTORIC RICHMOND. By Paul S. DulaneyTHE GOTHIC REVIVAL AND AMERICAN CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. An Episode in Taste, 1840–1856. By Phoebe B. StantonAN ARTIST IN AMERICA. By Thomas Hart Benton

Among the three international fashion hubs Paris, Milan, and New York that have dominated fashion production since the 20th century, Italian fashion stands out through its transcultural Italophony. Since the historic beginnings of the West, the development of fashion, taste and etiquette in modern Italy plays both culturally and historically a key role in European politics, economics, literature, fine arts, music and theatre. This applies also to Italian design, which is – like fashion – a powerful nonverbal language in cultural, aesthetical and economic terms, expressing a unique and life-affirming sociological habitus. This essay intends to pinpoint the outstanding impact of taste, fashion and design originating from Italy and perceivable all over the world on a transcultural and transdisciplinary level. Starting with antiquity and Renaissance, both disciplines enter a period of prosperity and success during the golden 1950s and 1960s, supported by the rise of Cinecittà, family business structures and crafts enterprises. In early postmodernity, a shift takes place from Alta Moda to Pronto Moda, from fashion as art to popular, serial industrial ready?to?wear, and a complex reciprocal synergetic effect builds up between the fashion and design brands. Both sectors are equal in terms of international influence and versatility, both are associated complementary to each other, and both disseminate a new standard of shapeliness, elegance and peachiness in the whole country as well as on a transnational scale.

The article outlines the range of literary tastes of the peasants in the 1850s – 1880s and analyzes the intensity of peasants' reading. It has been proved that the main result of development of the peasants' reading culture was the change in their attitude to reading and books. As long as the traditional peasant way of life remained unchanged, the need for active reading did not arise. Neither did the reading tastes change. With the advent of social request for information dictated by the modernization processes in the country, the demand for new forms of communication, including books (based on secular literature) has formed. In the 1850s–1880s, the reading culture was developing independently, 'naturally', within the literary environment permitted by the censorship. It is only in the 1890, when a network of the leaders of reading (public schools, free public libraries, public readings, book storages) appeared, did an active pressure on the reading culture on the part of the government state and the public emerge. Keywords: Ukrainian peasantry, history of reading, reading culture, traditional society, cheap literature, Podillia province. ; Окреслено коло читацьких смаків селянської читацької аудиторії 1850–1880-х рр., роз-глянуто інтенсивність читання селян. Доведено, що головним результатом розвитку читацької культури селян досліджуваного періоду стала зміна їхнього ставлення до читання та книги. Допоки традиційний селянський уклад залишався незмінним, потреби в активному читанні не виникало, не змінювалося коло читання. Із появою соціального замовлення на інформацію, зумовлене модернізаційними процесами в країні, сформовано попит на нові форми комуніка-ції, зокрема книжкову, в основі якої була світська книга. У 1850 – 1880-х рр. читацька культура розвивалася самостійно, "природним шляхом", у межах дозволеного цензурою книжкового простору. Тільки у 1890-х рр. із появою мережі провідників читання (народних шкіл, безкош-товних народних бібліотек, народних читань, книжкових складів) розпочато активний тиск з боку держави та громадськості. Ключові слова: українське селянство, історія читання, читацька культура, традиційне суспільство, лубочна література, Подільська губернія.

Abstract
Post-colonialism and orientalism have inspired literary scholars to study various aspects of literature and literary translation in the post-colonial era. One of the implications of post-colonialism for literature as a discipline is the idea of cannibalism and cultural manipulation. This corpus-based study aims to analyze the notions of "cultural manipulation" or "cannibalism" in the Persian translation of Haji Baba by Mirza Habib Isfahani, to explore the translator's strategy, as an intercultural mediator, in modulating the source novel's colonial stance and adapting it to the religious, literary and cultural tastes of the Iranians. Our findings reveal that two main techniques—of omission and euphemism—have been applied in rendering the novel into Persian. Using these techniques, the translator has attempted to challenge the imperial stance of the main writer and come up with a version of the source novel which is much less insulting to Iranians' cultural values. That is why this translation has been widely received as a literary masterpiece in Persian literature. One implication is that it might be claimed that cannibalism and cultural manipulation can be used to explain the trend of manipulating western literature in countries which have never been colonized, but that have suffered from the colonial stance of colonial writers.