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International audience ; Attitude is a key concept in social psychology. The paper presents a novel agent-based model to simulate attitude formation by combining a rational and an emotional components based on cognitive, psychological and social theories. Individuals of the artificial population perceive actions taken by actors such as government or brands, they form an attitude toward them and also communicate the events through a social network. The model outputs are first studied through a functional analysis in which some unique macroscopic behaviors have emerged such as the impact of social groups, the resistance of the population toward disinfor-mation campaigns or the social pressure. We then applied our model on a real world scenario depicting the eeort of French Forces in their stabilization operations in Kapisa (Afghanistan) between and. We calibrated the model parameters based on this scenario and the results of opinion polls that were conducted in the area during the same period about the sentiment of the population toward the Forces. Our model was able to reproduce polls results with a global error under %. Based on these results, we show the diierent dynamics tendencies that emerged among the population by applying a non-supervised classification algorithm.

International audience ; Attitude is a key concept in social psychology. The paper presents a novel agent-based model to simulate attitude formation by combining a rational and an emotional components based on cognitive, psychological and social theories. Individuals of the artificial population perceive actions taken by actors such as government or brands, they form an attitude toward them and also communicate the events through a social network. The model outputs are first studied through a functional analysis in which some unique macroscopic behaviors have emerged such as the impact of social groups, the resistance of the population toward disinfor-mation campaigns or the social pressure. We then applied our model on a real world scenario depicting the eeort of French Forces in their stabilization operations in Kapisa (Afghanistan) between and. We calibrated the model parameters based on this scenario and the results of opinion polls that were conducted in the area during the same period about the sentiment of the population toward the Forces. Our model was able to reproduce polls results with a global error under %. Based on these results, we show the diierent dynamics tendencies that emerged among the population by applying a non-supervised classification algorithm.

In this paper, I explore and discuss potential changes in the constructions of citizenship and state-individual relationships in Sweden in reference to increased regulation and the use of formally filed complaints in the Swedish education system. While several studies have examined issues associated with school choice and student influence, few have considered complaints as an aspect of the 'will to empower' and the construction of an active citizenship. In this paper, I discuss the motivations behind providing complaint systems via an analysis of official government documents, laws, statutes, reports and web materials. Drawing from citizenship literature and exit/voice theories, the analysis shows that complaints have continuously been reinforced through legislation, regulation and the introduction of Child and School Student Representative (CSSR) for equal rights and Swedish Schools Inspectorate (SSI) via student rights arguments and rule of law mechanisms. Legal discourse, the expansion of law and an increased use of complaints indicate a juridification of politics. This juridification could reinforce individualised perceptions of citizenship and education as a private good that is inherent in school choice and marketisation. An emphasis on student rights and complaints tends to result in contract relationships between the individual and state that risk de-politicising education and motivations for and participation in collective action for a common good.

This paper focuses on the elaboration of a comparativeanalysis about the new ways of political mobilization and alternativelaw generated in Latin America. It's important to know how this newpaths of organization are not necessarily framed under the dominantlegality but are the culmination of various social movements andactions that can't be properly explained by the very theories andconcepts designed to understand such phenomena; this forces todecentralize the view from the institutions and processes that werepart of the usual understanding of law and politics. ; El presente escrito está dirigido a realizar un análisis comparativo sobre nuevas formas de organización política y de Derecho alternativo que se vienen generando en Latinoamérica, con el propósito de identificar nuevos referentes en esta área. Es importante señalar cómo éstas nuevas formas de organización política no necesariamente se inscriben dentro de la legalidad dominante, sino que culminan en una serie de acciones y movimientos sociales, que muchas veces no encajan en las teorías y conceptos construidos para interpretarlas; esto nos obliga a descentrar la mirada de aquellas instituciones y procedimientos que tradicionalmente hicieron parte de la comprensión de lo que era la política y el Derecho.

Part 2: Open Government ; International audience ; Innovation based on open data lags behind the high expectations of policy makers. Hence, open data researchers have investigated the barriers of open data publication and adoption. This paper contributes to this literature by taking a capabilities perspective on how successful open data re-users create value out of the available data sources. First, a framework of IT, organization and skills capabilities required to innovate with data is derived from literature. Second, a case study including a survey and interview with managers from 12 frontrunners in the Netherlands was conducted. The analysis reveals that skills are valued the highest closely followed by organizational capabilities. Setting up a multi-disciplinary team with motivated employees and giving this team the mandate to experiment with data, is essential when innovating with open data. Theoretically, this study contributes to open data research by offering a new capabilities perspective on the organizational level. Our results highlight the importance of entrepreneurship theories to explain value creation with open data. Practically, our study suggests that digital skills and start-ups are important to the open government data policies.

International audience ; Attitude is a key concept in social psychology. The paper presents a novel agent-based model to simulate attitude formation by combining a rational and an emotional components based on cognitive, psychological and social theories. Individuals of the artificial population perceive actions taken by actors such as government or brands, they form an attitude toward them and also communicate the events through a social network. The model outputs are first studied through a functional analysis in which some unique macroscopic behaviors have emerged such as the impact of social groups, the resistance of the population toward disinfor-mation campaigns or the social pressure. We then applied our model on a real world scenario depicting the eeort of French Forces in their stabilization operations in Kapisa (Afghanistan) between and. We calibrated the model parameters based on this scenario and the results of opinion polls that were conducted in the area during the same period about the sentiment of the population toward the Forces. Our model was able to reproduce polls results with a global error under %. Based on these results, we show the diierent dynamics tendencies that emerged among the population by applying a non-supervised classification algorithm.

A Tropical Caudillo Near de Artic: TheCase of Maurice Duplessis, Prime Ministerof Quebec (1936-1939 and 1944-1959)ResumenEl estudio analiza el caso de Maurice Duplessis, primer ministro de la provincia canadiense de Québec, a la luz de la influencia o utilización de los valores tradicionales y sentimientos identitarios dela cultura francocanadiense en la conformaciónde una propuesta política de corte populista de derecha. Para el análisis se recurrea estudios basadosen técnicas lingüísticas de análisis del discurso y deanálisis de contenido. Se comentan los resultadosa la luz de algunas teorías sobre el populismo, el liderazgo, la psicohistoria, partiendo del supuesto de la similitud cultural entre los francocanadienses y los latinoamericanos.AbstractIn this article, I will analyze the case of Maurice Duplessis, Prime Minister of the Canadian province of Quebec, on the basis of influences or uses of traditional values and identity feelings of the FrenchCanadian culture, in respect of the formation ofa right-wing political program. The analysis will be conducted from the perspective of linguistic discourse analysis and content analysis. I willcomment on the findings in light of some theories of populism, leadership and psycho-history, on the premise of a similar culture between French Canadians and Latin Americans.

This paper calls for a more detailed study of social practices in the analysis of governance failures. Using the Woolf report on the breakdown of governance at the London School of Economics as a case study and Wittgenstein's notion of language games as an analytic lens, the author argues that widely used institutional and structural theories of governance are necessary but not sufficient to explain how governance works and why it fails. It is also necessary to understand, through a detailed micro-analysis of talk and action, the contingent social practices occurring within and outside these structures. This matters because structural accounts of governance tend to present solutions as changes in structures, standards and procedures or measures to make academics comply with these. A language games framing, in contrast, suggests that it matters less what form the structures of governance take than the extent to which they allow effective deliberation on the numerous contradictions and paradoxes that make up their day-to-day work. The paper concludes that those charged with governing universities should maximise opportunities for individuals and groups to deliberate on, and 'muddle through', the multiple and conflicting demands and accountabilities that characterise contemporary higher education.

The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of leadership style on the growth of NGCDF projects in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. The study was informed by situational leadership and trait theories. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population was employees from 25 NGCDF projects in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. The study used random sampling to select a sample of 174employees. The researcher employed structured questionnaires as instruments of data collection. The reliability test of the instruments was done using Cronbach alpha coefficient. Multiple regression analysis was the appropriate method to examine the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable in this study. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to analyze the relationship between one dependent variable and five independent variables. The study's outcome gives the insight to project administrators on how much impact the instituted change has on the successful implementation of construction projects. Similarly, the study is also of help to managers of institutions to gauge the development of their project management systems and assess the appropriate and strategic ways to employ for improvement of their institutions or organizations. The study also adds to the body of knowledge of project management.

Social media sites have appeared during the last 10 years and their use has exploded all over the world. Twitter is a microblogging service that has currently 320 million user profiles and over 100 million daily active users. Many celebrities and leading politicians have a verified profile on Twitter, including Justin Bieber, president Obama, and the Pope. In this paper we investigate the ''hundreds of Putins and Obamas phenomenon' on Twitter. We collected two data sets in 2015 containing 582 and 6477 profiles that are related to the G20 leaders' profiles on Twitter. The number of namesakes varied from 5 to 1000 per leader. We analysed in detail various aspects of the Putin and Erdogan related profiles. For the first ones we looked into the language of the profiles, their follower sets, the address in the profile and where the tweets were really sent from. For both profile sets we investigated why the accounts were created. For this, we deduced 12 categories based on the information in the profile and the contents of the sent tweets. The research is exploratory in nature, but we tentatively looked into online identity, communication and political theories that might explain emergence of these kinds of Twitter profiles. ; peerReviewed

The Situationist International (SI) have become a canonical reference point when discussing artists' participation in political action or activism. This article attempts to decentre the SI from this position, by tracing their theories and representations of political agency and labour. I argue that their notion of agency is deeply conflicted, epitomized by the dual invocations 'never work/all power to the workers' councils. I examine how the SI's representations of agency betray an attraction to and fascination with 1960s reactionary fantasies around brainwashing, conditioning, control and torture. Their practical descriptions of a constructed situation, which 'makes people live' are, in fact, closer to torturous state control than total liberation. The notions of agency they mobilise draw on colonial and classist sources, which actually deny the agency of radical movements. As a result, the SI produce a series of weak fantasies of participation, in which agency is denied and 'demanding the impossible' is actually a demand to constitute and police the impossible. Artistic-political agency was both guarded centre and constituent other. The SI's policing of their identity, tied in name to the agency of 'situations', involved the ongoing exclusion and repression of other artists' more practically-engaged labour within social movements.

The present paper deals with the theoretical question of how can be warranted unity of legal system in the perspective of building up a new legal order of the BRICS. The author draws on the contemporary theories considering various aspects of explanation and construction of law as of a logically united system. Among such aspects are logical unity of legal propositions, epistemological unity of the phenomena unified under the term 'law,' factual unity of societal regulation, axiological unity of a hierarchy of legal values, procedural unity of legal reasoning, synergetic unison. It is asserted that the idea of unity of law is not something conceptually monolithic and allows for different readings, none of which can claim to be exhaustive. The author suggests that the BRICS does not need follow the track of systematization of the legislation of the Member States and that creating agglomerations of legal texts from different legal orders of the Member States is an issue not for politician but rather for legal scholars who can construct and reconstruct legal texts, jointing and disjointing them in the view of practical needs of amelioration of legal technique.

The central thesis of Susan Okin'sJustice, Gender, and the Family—that the ideology of the traditional family is the linchpin of contemporary gender inequality in the US—remains significant more than a quarter‐century after the book's publication. On a political register, Okin's insistence on structural analysis of gender inequality is an important corrective to recent mainstream feminist emphasis on individual women's choices. On an academic register, her work reveals the incoherence of scholarly classifications of feminist theories as "liberal feminist" or "radical feminist" by confounding such distinctions. I argue that her thesis is best understood in relation to the early radical feminism of Juliet Mitchell'sWoman's Estate, a book Okin praised. Placing Okin's work in the context of its radical roots clarifies her "linchpin thesis," but also reveals the limitations of her argument: in her emphasis on what Iris Young has termed the "distributive paradigm of justice," Okin unnecessarily adopts a much narrower definition of the family than did Mitchell, and overestimates the influence of economic vulnerability after divorce on women's capacity to exit marriage. I suggest modifications to her theory, and conclude by showing the continuing relevance of her argument for analyzing recent legal, policy, and demographic shifts.

This piece centres on the vital role intellectuals and think tanks play in US foreign policymaking. Before examining empirical data and original developments, a middle-level theoretical framework is needed to link our data and grand theories in International Relations and Foreign Policy Analysis. We focus on a 'strategic core force' troika in the US foreign policymaking system and the significant role it has played in policy transformation. It consists of three key elements—'policy architect', 'expert counsellor' and 'policy implementer'. This paper uses a case study from the Asia-Pacific, focusing on the shift of US strategy towards Japan. The post-Cold War period saw increasing uncertainty concerning Japan's role in US foreign policy and led to a critical examination and restructuring of East Asian policy. Although we focus on the 1990s, there are profound implications for current US policy towards East Asia. The policy shift in the 1990s laid the foundation for Obama's 2011 'pivot to Asia' strategy, especially as it relates to US security and military operations. It has become increasingly clear that Japan can provide concrete material support in the form of military and financial assistance and as such its importance for US East Asian policy cannot be overstated.

Abstract
Neither in theory nor in practice does there exist a single model of decision making. It is very difficult to identify a model, or models, which would be most useful during and after a disaster. Within the disaster timeframe (a difficult and complex situation), specific moral dilemmas arise. All the decision making theories tend to be associated with different assumptions about human nature, the quality of the decisions made and the manner in which they are made. Different assumptions may result in different tools being used and subsequently different consequences. The paper will provide a general introduction to the ethical decision making model, and will suggest two ways in which decisions in ethics might be made. The paper will try to deepen the discussion, and suggest answers to questions such as which type of ethical decision making is better in a specific situation such as a disaster? Is there any need to use a different decision making model (from an ethical point of view) in a disaster than in another event? Nonetheless, the article does not provide explicit solutions to these questions, since providing them would require further investigation than is the aim of this paper.