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The subject of the research is the modern administrative law and administrative procedural doctrine shaping the view of the contents and nature of the legal relationship of administrative liability involving correctional agencies.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis about significant features of legal relations of administrative liability arising, developing and terminating in the field of execution of criminal penalties.The methodology includes systematic analysis of legal academic literature, interpretation of Russian legislation on administrative offences.The main results. The static (universal for all law enforcement agencies) structure of the institution of administrative liability acquires its qualitative originality in the process of its practical implementation in the law enforcement activities of the relevant bodies and officials authorized by the state to bring to administrative responsibility through appropriate legal relations. The main part of the legal relations of administrative responsibility that develop in the activities of correctional institutions and pre-trial detention centers are of a security nature. These relations are primarily aimed not at implementing the main tasks of the legislation on administrative responsibility, but at achieving the basic goal of the functioning of penitentiary institutions, i.e. ensuring the public safety of objects of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Identification and proper procedural registration of the fact of an administrative offense will be the basis for the emergence of the corresponding protective legal relationship. The authors make proposals aimed at improvement of normative regulation and practice of application of administrative coercive measures, enforced by employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. It is necessary to radically change the approach to the administrative and jurisdictional practice of correctional agencies by expanding the application of administrative responsibility to convicted persons and persons held in pre-trial detention centers.Conclusions. Administrative liability relations involving correctional agencies have specific features. The application of such liability is aimed at maintaining the normal legal regime and ensuring the public safety of the relevant penitentiary facility. Administrative responsibility should be applied by correctional agencies to citizens who are located on the territory of the penitentiary institution and pre-trial detention center, civil personnel of the penitentiary system and special agents. A doctrinal definition of the legal relationship of administrative liability involving correctional agencies is formulated by authors. ; Рассматриваются особенности применения административных наказаний и принудительных мер административно-процессуального обеспечения в правоотношениях с участием органов и учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы. Формулируется авторское определение такого правоотношения.

The article considers the issue of liability the officials of the joint stock companies. The issue of liability of business officials is of paramount importance, since it directly affects entrepreneurial activity. The author analyzes the current legislation and the existing deficiencies in law enforcement in the matter of establishing liability. The author draws the conclusion that national legislation requires improvement, taking into account foreign practice and legislation.

The article considers the issue of liability the officials of the joint stock companies. The issue of liability of business officials is of paramount importance, since it directly affects entrepreneurial activity. The author analyzes the current legislation and the existing deficiencies in law enforcement in the matter of establishing liability. The author draws the conclusion that national legislation requires improvement, taking into account foreign practice and legislation.

Along with traditional methods of providing information through mass media (periodicals, television and radio), digital sources are also widely used in the modern world, which, although not officially registered mass media, play no less a role in shaping public opinion. The emergence of personal blogs, «live magazines», Internet sites and social networks opened a new platform and provided new opportunities. There are actors of various sizes, from presidents of major States to Housewives, from businessmen to human rights activists. Foreign policy is one of the most popular topics.

The article analyzes the concept of gross negligence in the occurrence of an insured event and its legal significance for liability insurance. The broad interpretation of gross negligence in judicial practice leads to an increase in the number of cases of refusal to pay insurance compensation. For this reason, customs representatives and other professional participants in the turnover cannot use insurance protection in situations for which such protection is provided. Using the examples of judicial practice, the author substantiates the need to analyze all elements of the insured event as a whole, and not only the behavior of the party preceding this case, when determining gross negligence. In addition, in the article the author touches upon the currently relevant issue of the admissibility of providing in the contract the possibility of releasing the insurer from the payment of compensation. The author comes to the conclusion that the rules regarding gross negligence in the occurrence of an insured event should be considered imperative, because this form of guilt does not exclude the randomness characteristic of insurance relations. According to the author, the rules of Article 959 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation allow to protect the interests of the insurer in connection with the increased risk of an insured event due to gross negligence.

В статье рассматриваются некоторые особенности межотраслевой рецепции смежных областей права и аналогии гражданского и трудового законодательства. В частности, представлены возможности использования в понятийном и категориальном аппарате трудового права понятия «деликатные обязательства». Автор обосновывает тезис об ограниченности применения указанного понятия в рамках трудового права некоторыми «пограничными» случаями, правовое регулирование которых нельзя в чистом виде отнести только к сфере действия трудового права. Далее в статье рассматриваются случаи, когда возможно или субсидиарное применение норм гражданского права об обязательствах из причинения вреда, или использование аналогии норм этого института гражданского права при наличии пробела в трудовом законодательстве и случаи необоснованного, с точки зрения автора, использования конструкции «деликтных обязательств» применительно к обязательствам, вытекающим из трудовых отношений между работником и работодателем. В заключение автор формулирует вывод о том, что межотраслевая рецепция в случаях отраслевой пробельности должна осуществляться в пределах, очерченных базовыми правовыми категориями отрасли-реципиента. ; This article discusses some of the features reception interdisciplinary branches of law and related analogy of civil and labor law. In particular, it presents the possibility of using the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the labor law concept of «tort liability». The author proves the thesis about the limited application of this concept in the framework of labor law by some «borderline» cases, the legal regulation which can not be pure attributed only to the scope of the labor law. Next, the article examines the cases where possible or subsidiary application of the rules of civil law on the obligations of the injury, or the use of similar standards of the Institute of Civil Law in the presence of a gap in the labor legislation and cases of unjustified from the point of view of the author, the use of the design of tort liability in relation to commitments arising from the employment relationship between the employee and the employer. The author formulates a conclusion that in cases of inter-branch reception omissionship industry should be carried out within the limits outlined basic legal categories of the branch of the right recipient.

This article discusses proposals to improve the legislation on liability for the legalization of criminal proceeds. The latest changes in legislation on the establishment of criminal liability for legal entities for money laundering are analyzed. At the same time, this article analyzes the practical significance of the role of law enforcement agencies in the application of FATF Recommendations.

Чунцин - муниципалитет, находящийся в прямом подчинении центрального правительства на юго-западе Китая. В последние годы Чунцин быстро развивается и привлекает внимание отечественных и зарубежных СМИ. Настоящая статья посвящена рассмотрению новостных сообщений четырех российских информационных агентств (РИА Новости, ТАСС, ИА «REGNUM», ИА «Росбалт»), касающихся мегаполиса Чунцин, за 15 лет (2008-2022). Целью исследования является выявление образа города Чунцин в сообщениях российских информационных агентств. Актуальность настоящего исследования видится в том, что положительный международный образ города имеет решающее значение для его развития как всемирно известного и привлекательного политического, экономического и культурного центра. В настоящем исследовании рассматриваются количество публикаций и содержание собранного корпуса. Выявлено, что количество новостных сообщений о Чунцине демонстрирует тенденцию к росту. В статье тенденция количества новостных сообщений о Чунцине разделена на три фазы: фаза начального роста, фаза быстрого роста и стабильная медленная фаза. В 2018 г. количество новостных публикаций было самым высоким, при этом больше всего новостей было в экономической категории. В работе предпринята попытка обобщить и проанализировать городской образ Чунцина в сообщениях российских информационных агентств. Выявлено, что образ города Чунцина включает в себя пять аспектов: экономика, общественная жизнь, муниципальное управление, культура и наука.
Chongqing is a municipality directly under the central government in southwest China. In recent years, Chongqing has developed rapidly and attracted the attention of domestic and foreign media. This article is devoted to the review of news reports from four Russian news agencies (RIA Novosti, TASS, IA "REGNUM", IA "Rosbalt") relating to the metropolis of Chongqing for 15 years (2008-2022). The purpose of the study is to identify the image of the city of Chongqing in the messages of Russian news agencies. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that a positive international image of the city is crucial for the development of the city as a world famous and attractive political, economic, and cultural center. This study considers the number of publications and the content of the collected corpus. It is revealed that the number of news reports about Chongqing shows an upward trend. In the article, the trend in the number of news reports about Chongqing is divided into three phases: the initial growth phase, the fast growth phase, and the stable slow phase. In 2018, the number of news publications was the highest, with the most news being in the economic category. The paper attempts to generalize and analyze the urban image of Chongqing in the reports of Russian news agencies. It is revealed that the image of the city of Chongqing includes five aspects: economy, public life, municipal government, culture, and science.

The author studies environmental insurance in nature management as a lever of management measures to prevent and eliminate environmental pollution by oil products during their transportation and oil fields development. The research aims to develop recommendations for environmental risks insurance in Russian oil and gas industry on the basis of economic and mathematical model that allows to estimate the scale of environmental pollution by oil products. Such methods as system and comparative analysis, expert assessments, forecasting, modeling used in this work helped the author to identify Russian environmental insurance features; to propose a method for solving the problem concerning the lack of statistical data on the frequency and scale of accidents and the environmental damage magnitude by mathematical modeling of the accident, which allows to estimate the radius and depth of the underlying surface pollution. These developments will help insurers to make more adequate insurance premiums and tariffs, as well as to improve the underwriting procedure for unique oil and gas projects. But in order for the obtained achievements to find their application, it is necessary to have legislation obliging oil companies to compensate for environmental damage, and due to the scale of such damage, oil companies will be obliged to insure the relevant risks.

УДК 343.2A new institute of repressive measures applied outside the criminal liability in criminal law (including as a condition for exemption from criminal liability) is forming now in Russian legislation. The author concludes that the provisions of the criminal law on monetary compensation and a court fine should be deleted because of the following reasons. 1) By their nature, and monetary compensation and a court fine, not being a formal punishment (and, therefore, a form of realization of criminal responsibility) is a monetary penalty, i.e., penalty-punishment. Moreover, the rules of court fine destination identical rules of criminal sentencing. 2) Quantitatively court fine may exceed the minimum limits of criminal punish-ment in the form of fines. The dimensions of monetary compensation in the order of hours. Pt. 2, Art. 76.1 of the Criminal Code and at all close to the maximum values of fine-punishment. 3) Exemption from criminal liability requires states to refrain from prosecuting the person alleged to have committed a crime, which means that the nonuse of criminal repression. Regulatory standards analyzed, on the other hand, require mandatory use of repression, ie, virtually no exemption from criminal liability does not occur at all. 4) The use of a quasi-penalty in the form of monetary compensation and court fines are not an exemption from criminal responsibility, but on the contrary, the use of criminal repression (of responsibility), and in a simplified manner. 5) Contrary to the requirements of the Constitution and the Criminal Code of criminal repression is applied to persons whose guilt has not been established in the commission of a crime. Thus, in criminal law introduced a presumption of guilt. 6) Customization repression (in fact – of criminal responsibility) in the application of the judicial penalty is substantially limited, and the application of monetary compensation is excluded at all, contrary to the requirement that the rough justice (Pt. 1, Art. 6 of the Criminal Code). 7) Rules of court fine actually allow re-use of penalties and, moreover, consistent application of the two main types of punishment, although no one can be held criminally responsible twice for the same offense (Pt. 2, Art. 6 of the Criminal Code). ; УДК 343.2В уголовном законодательстве формируется новый институт репрессивных мер, применяемых вне уголовной ответственности, в том числе в качестве условия освобождения от уголовной ответственности. Этот процесс свидетельствует о глубоком кризисе современного уголовного права. Предписания уголовного закона о денежном возмещении и судебном штрафе следует исключить.

В настоящей статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы повторной криминализации клеветы как уголовно-правового деяния, критерии разграничения субъективного мнения лица и утверждения о фактах, не имевших места в действительности. Проведена аналогия с защитой чести, достоинства и деловой репутации человека в рамках гражданского судопроизводства, выявлены соответствующие различия между гражданско-правовым и уголовно-правовым способами защиты нарушенных нематериальных благ. Показано сравнение с ранее действовавшим законодательством в области защиты указанных нематериальных благ. В работе сделан соответствующий акцент на применение административной преюдиции, то есть привлечения к уголовной ответственности только после применения мер административного принуждения. ; This article discusses the current issues of re-criminalization of libel as some criminal-legal acts, the criteria of differentiation of the subjective views of the person and the statements of facts, not taken place in reality. The analogy with the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation of a person in civil proceedings, identified the relevant differences between a civil and a criminal way of protecting the violated intangible benefits. Showing comparison to the previous legislation for the protection of these intangible benefits. The corresponding emphasis on the use of administrative prejudice was made in other words in order to bring to criminal liability only after the application of administrative coercive measures

The decentralized tax administration has been in place for over two decades in China since 1994. In March this year, National People's Congress of China reviewed and approved the State Council Institutions Reform Plan and decided "we will reform the tax administrative system by merging the tax administrations on state and sub-national levels and assume it both tax and non-tax revenue administrative responsibility in the corresponding jurisdictions". The article aims to explain to readers that China's tax authorities have to a large extent absorbed common international practices and general experience. The history of the vertical arrangements of China's tax administration is revisited through descriptive and comparative analysis. The reasons for the cancellation of the sub-national tax bureaus in China are analyzed followed by the international experience of the vertical structure of the tax administration. It is contended in the article that the reform of the vertical arrangements of the tax authorities is an attempt to deepen the reform of the fiscal system and promoting tax administrative agencies reform in the broad sense from the perspective of the modernization of the state governance system and governance abilities. The article concludes with a summary of several features of this reform.HIGHLIGHTS1. Since 2018 year the subnational tax agencies in China will be abolished gradually and the separate system of vertical administrative agencies will officially end2. The removal of the subnational tax agencies is the result of balancing on the advantages and disadvantages of the separate tax collection agencies and new overall goal of reform in China. It is part of the reform of government institutions aimed at promoting the modernization of the state's governance3. The reform is making full use of the advanced experience of foreign countries4. The reform is based on the construction of a general public service supply system, with tax administration agency as part of it. It is a step forward in the direction of specialization and independence of tax administrationsFOR CITATION Ma Jun. The reform of vertical arrangements of tax administrative agencies in China. Journal of Tax Reform, 2018, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 223–235. DOI:10.15826/jtr.2018.4.3.053ARTICLE INFO Received April 24, 2018; accepted December 13, 2018 ; Децентрализация налоговых органов существует в Китае уже более двух десятилетий — с 1994 г. В марте этого года Национальный народный конгресс Китая рассмотрел и утвердил План реформирования институтов Государственного совета. Данный план предусматривает реформирование системы налогового администрирования путем объединения налоговых органов государственного и субнационального уровня и передачи им администрирования налоговых и неналоговых доходов в соответствующих юрисдикциях. В статье показано, что при проведении реформы налоговых органов Китая в значительной степени используются общепринятая международная практика и мировой опыт. История взаимодействия налоговых органов различного уровня в Китае изучается с помощью описательного и сравнительного анализа. Причины ликвидации налоговых органов субнационального уровня рассматриваются в сопоставлении с существующим международным опытом построения вертикальной организационной структуры налоговых органов. В статье утверждается, что реформа вертикальных механизмов взаимодействия налоговых органов различного уровня является попыткой углубить реформу налоговой системы и содействовать реформированию налоговых органов в широком смысле, как части общей модернизации системы государственного управления. Статья завершается кратким изложением нескольких особенностей этой реформы.Основные выводы1. С 2018 г. налоговые органы субнационального уровня в Китае будут постепенно упразднены, а отдельная система вертикального построения налоговых органов будет официально ликвидирована2. Устранение субнациональных налоговых органов является результатом анализа преимуществ и недостатков практики разделения органов налогового администрирования по различным уровням управления и изменения общей цели реформ в Китае и является частью реформы государственных учреждений, направленной на модернизацию государственного управления3. Реформа в полной мере использует передовой опыт зарубежных стран4. Реформа налоговых органов является частью формирования общедоступной системы государственных услуг, в части предоставления таких услуг налоговыми органами и является шагом вперед в направлении специализации и независимости налоговых администрацийДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ Ма Цзюнь. Реформа организационной структуры налоговых органов Китая / Ма Цзюнь // Journal of Tax Reform. — 2018. — Т. 4, № 3. — С. 223–235. — DOI:10.15826/jtr.2018.4.3.053ИНФОРМАЦИЯ О СТАТЬЕ Дата поступления 24 апреля 2018 г.; дата принятия к печати 13 декабря 2018 г.

The article reveals the genesis of the legislation on the criminal liability of medical professionals for the improper performance of professional duties. Provisions of the criminal legislation of state entities that existed in the territory of modern Ukraine from ancient times to the beginning of the twentieth century are being analyzed.