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This paper is a consideration of four major truth gathering projects —Argentina, Chile, Guatemala and Colombia-. This descriptive study applies a "typology of truth" to these 4 historical projects and considers how these truth commissions defined the notion of "truth" in the context of the highly politicized context of transitional justice.

This paper is a consideration of four major truth gathering projects —Argentina, Chile, Guatemala and Colombia-. This descriptive study applies a "typology of truth" to these 4 historical projects and considers how these truth commissions defined the notion of "truth" in the context of the highly politicized context of transitional justice.

Clearing philosophical ground for diagnoses of the contemporary 'post-truth'-problematic, this article discusses the systematic and ineliminable ambivalence of claims to truth in public discourse and collective life generally, where truth cannot ultimately be disentangled from untruth. Truth becomes a problem in the relevant sense only where matters are morally-existentially charged, so that acknowledging truth threatens, e.g., loss of self-respect, and self-deception becomes tempting, individually and collectively. To the extent that our life is marked by injustice and destructiveness, it is necessarily also marked by systematic falsification, a conspiracy to deny the truth about it, about us. Collective life exhibits pervasive hostility to interpersonal (moral) understanding, which is repressed through collectively established fake 'understandings' and regimes of respectability. The fact/opinion and fact/value distinctions function as defences against understanding, while meaning and truth are seen as things to be determined rather than understood, and the concept of representatability, how things can be made to appear, becomes central. However, standard philosophical views on truth, meaning and morality render the problematic sketched here invisible, because they effectively move – as Wittgenstein arguably realised – wholly within the collective perspective that needs to be problematised.
Keywords: moral understanding, self-deception, collective life, representation, conspiracy theories, political corrrectness

Artikel ini berusaha menganalisis konsep mengenai kebenaran dan pasca kebenaran dalam kajian filsafat dikaitkan dengan kajian kontekstual. Perkembangan pemikiran dan ilmu pengetahuan manusia seolah tidak pernah berakhir, pasalnya perkembangan apa yang dianggap benar dewasa ini berbeda dengan apa yang dianggap benar pada masa sebelumnya. Perkembangan zaman dewasa ini yang sering disebut sebagai postmodernisme yang di dalamnya termasuk dalam banyaknya penemuan-penemuan yang dilakukan oleh manusia terutama mengenai penemuan teknologi ikut mempengaruhi hal-hal yang dianggap benar. Perkembangan kebenaran menuju pasca kebenaran juga bukanlah sesuatu yang instan tetapi melalui sebuah proses evolusi yang cukup lama sehingga perlu kajian yang cukup mendalam bagaimana proses tersebut, juga hal-hal yang dimaksud ke dalam isi dari konsepsi mengenai kebenaran dan pasca kebenaran. Selain itu, artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif di mana menekankan terhadap analisis-analisis sumber yang relevan dengan kajian yang dimaksud. Dari artikel ini dapat diketahui: 1) maksud dari kebenaran yang di dalamnya menggunakan pendekatan teori-teori kebenaran. 2) maksud dari pasca kebenaran dengan terlebih dahulu mengkaji mengenai pasca modern. 3) fenomena pasca kebenaran yang terjadi di Indonesia dengan lebih mengkaji kehidupan bersosial media yang berdampak pada berbagai aspek kehidupan terutama mengenai politik dan ilmu pengetahuan.

Kevin Scharp proposes an original account of the nature and logic of truth, on which truth is an inconsistent concept that should be replaced for certain theoretical purposes. He argues that truth is best understood as an inconsistent concept; develops an axiomatic theory of truth; and offers a new kind of possible-worlds semantics for this theory.