Suchergebnisse

Reproductive programming : the role of early life nutrition -- / Stella Chadio, Basiliki Kotsampasi -- Maternal perinatal undernutrition programs stress neuroendocrine systems in the male rat / D. Vieau ... [et al.] -- Effects of maternal undernutrition on lung growth and development in the offspring / Chung-Ming Chen, Leng-Fang Wang, Hsiu-Chu Chou -- Undernutrition from fetal life to puberty, fetal programming, and compensatory growth in rat testes / P. Genovese ... [et al.] -- Does educational attainment affect nutritional status? : a study among underprivileged adults of six districts of West Bengal, India / Sadaruddin Biswas, Kaushik Bose -- Prevalence of thinness among rural Bengalee Muslim school children from Eastern India / Prakash Ranjan Mondal, Sadaruddin Biswas, Kaushik Bose -- Long-term effects of early undernutrition on wound healing / Marilena Chinali Komesu, Miguel Angel Sala, Fabiano Misael Cavenaghi -- Effects of protein deprivation on the temporomandibular joint / Joao Gualberto de C. Luz

This evidence review provides an overview of current evidence-based approaches to addressing child undernutrition and how they may apply to the Australian aid program. Part I provides an up-to-date overview of the evidence for the 'proximal' (direct) and 'distal' (indirect) risk factors for child undernutrition, and the effectiveness of tested 'nutrition-specific' (direct) and 'nutrition-sensitive' (indirect) interventions to reduce child undernutrition. Evidence on the cost-effectiveness of these interventions is also included. These terms are explained in the 'Explanation of technical terms' and further elaborated later in this report. Part II provides an overview of contemporary policy thinking and approaches to addressing childhood undernutrition by development partners, including multilateral organisations, global frameworks and alliances, bilateral donors, and developing country governments. Reference is also made to contemporary nutrition research and programming work by non-government organisations. Part III summarises data on child nutrition indicators in countries relevant to the Australian aid program. Indicators have been selected to capture type I and type II undernutrition, low birthweight, and the proximal and distal risk factors for child undernutrition. Data for countries most relevant to the Australian aid program are interpreted in supplementary text. Data on overweight and obesity in children are not readily available for most countries of interest to the Australian aid program; however, a global and regional overview is provided.

AbstractChild undernutrition is a major public health problem throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. The main objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for acute undernutrition among under-5 children in Bangladesh. Data were taken from the nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic Health and Survey conducted in 2014. The study sample comprised 7131 under-5 children. Of these, 4.6% were found to be severely wasted (Z-score < −3.0), 11.1% moderately wasted (−3.0≤Z-score < −2.0) and 84.3% adequately nourished (Z-score ≥−2.0). Chi-squared analysis was used to investigate the association between child nutrition status and selected covariates. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to identify the risk factors for acute undernutrition. The selected factors division, place of residence, sex of child, place of delivery, child age, respiratory illness, size at birth, measles vaccination, fever, diarrhoea, maternal BMI, maternal education, paternal occupation, wealth index and household toilet facilities were found to be highly significant (p< 0.05) in the analysis. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that residence in Barisal and Chittagong divisions, a smaller than average size at birth and low maternal BMI (≤18.50 kg/m2) were significant determinants of both moderate and severe acute undernutrition among under-5 children in Bangladesh.

Malnutrition is part of a vicious cycle involving biological and social aspects. Some factors are directly associated with malnutrition, such as inadequate dietary intake and incidence of disease, while others (socio-economic in nature) are more distant but no less important. This paper aims at identifying the main correlates of stunting among Yemeni children through a logistic regression model. The results are based on the fourth round of the National Social Protection Monitoring Survey conducted in 2013; which makes this study a baseline assessment of Yemeni child undernutrition before the ongoing civil war. Primarily addressing the most significant factors associated with stunting in Yemen is urgent especially if one considers the country's constant public budget shortages. There are significant differences—in prevalence of child stunting— between regions of residence that could be reduced by putting in place local policies aimed at increasing population access to adequate water and good hygiene practices. The Social Welfare Fund (SWF) programme is also important since this benefit is the only source of income for some families. However, if corruption, regional and civil conflict continues, improvements in the SWF will probably not matter. Such interventions, together with policies for changing attitudes towards women's education, would also help to promote proper child feeding practices. Likewise, cultural aspects can explain the aetiology of children's poor growth. Examples include feeding taboos that influence early initiation and duration of breastfeeding. With so many steps to be taken to prevent child malnutrition, it cannot remain an invisible problem.