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Oil was a basic source of conflict between the United States and Japan. This book examines the role played by the Standard-Vacuum Oil Company in the crisis that led to Pearl Harbor. ""Stanvac"" was the largest American supplier of oil to Japan and represented the single largest American direct investment in Asia before the war. In the context of Stanvac's relations with various governments, the author examines the ways in which United States petroleum policy was formulated and the arrangements by which Japan sought to increase its oil reserves. He provides new insight into the impact of the f

Dithiocarbamates are widely used fungicides, including in passion fruit, whose fruits are mainly used for juice production, the leaves for the preparation of herbal tea and medicines. Also, the use of the peel in the food industry has been proposed. In this study, the spectrophotometric method for determination of dithiocarbamate residues, as CS2, in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) was validated at a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.05 mg kg-1 CS2, and 108 samples (55 fruits and 53 leaves) collected from Brazilian growers were analyzed. About 25% of the fruit peel samples were positive (0.06 to 1.4 mg kg-1) and only one sample had residues in the pulp (0.09 mg kg-1), 43.4% of leaf samples contained residues. Washing of fruit reduced the residues in the peel by up to 100%, and drying the leaves increased residue levels by up to 60%. This is the first study that reports dithiocarbamate residues in passion fruit in Brazil, and the results are important for government authorities when planning monitoring programs, and for food and herbal medicine industries.

Our goal in this article is to explain how South Korea's Hyundai Motor Company successfully transferred its production system to the United States. When a production system is transferred to another country, it is modified under the influences of different institutional environments. The key to the success of Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama, Hyundai's transplant in Montgomery, Alabama, is found in Hyundai's relatively low dependence on skill formation and high reliance on numerical flexibility of its production system relative to its Japanese counterparts. While Japanese automakers had difficulties transferring their production system to their US transplants, Hyundai did not because its production system did not require highly skilled labor. Alabama's flexible labor market and the absence of labor unions enabled Hyundai to more efficiently utilize the numerical flexibility of production workers than was possible at its original plant in Korea, which suffered from adversarial labor relations. This case study casts doubt on the convergence model of technology and globalization, because it shows varieties of production systems developing under different institutional environments.

Lynch mobs regularly called on the language of popular sovereignty in their efforts to authorize lynchings, arguing that, as representatives of the people, they retained the right to wield public violence against persons they deemed beyond the protections of due process. Despite political theorists' renewed interest in popular sovereignty, scholars have not accounted for this sordid history in their genealogies of modern democracy and popular constituent power. I remedy this omission, arguing that spectacle lynchings—ones that occurred in front of large crowds, sometimes numbering in the thousands—operated as public rituals of racialized people-making. In the wake of Reconstruction, when the boundaries of the polity were deeply contested, spectacle lynchings played a constitutive role in affirming and circulating the notion that the sovereign people were white, and that African Americans were their social subordinates.

In the XIX century, a mostly Afro-Jamaican linguistic minority settled down on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, a Spanish-speaking country. They went there to work for Minor C. Keith, an enterprising U.S. engineer who had been commissioned by the Costa Rica government to build a railroad that would join an eastern port to the Central Valley capital, San Jose. Later, to help finance that enterprise, he founded the United Fruit Company and the Jamaican workers remained in the Province of Limon to plant bananas. Their English-based Limonese Creole language has remained extant in spite of many government attempts to eradicate it, most likely because it acts, among other elements, as an identity marker for its people. But, will it survive globalization? And if so, for how long? ; En el siglo XIX un grupo compuesto en su mayoría por afro-jamaiquinos se estableció en la costa Caribe de Costa Rica, un país de habla hispana. Dicha comunidad debía trabajar para Minor C. Keith un ingeniero estadounidense que había sido comisionado por el gobierno costarricense para construir un ferrocarril que uniese un puerto del este con la capital del Valle Central, San José. Para financiar su empresa Keith fundó la United Fruit Company y los trabajadores jamaiquinos permanecieron en la provincia de Limón para plantar bananos. El lenguaje creole de los empleados, basado en el inglés, sobrevivió, a pesar de los esfuerzos del gobierno por erradicarlo, principalmente porque actúa, entre otros elementos, como una marca de identidad para quienes lo hablan. Pero ¿sobrevivirá a la globalización? Y si es así, ¿por cuánto tiempo?

In the XIX century, a mostly Afro-Jamaican linguistic minority settled down on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, a Spanish-speaking country. They went there to work for Minor C. Keith, an enterprising U.S. engineer who had been commissioned by the Costa Rica government to build a railroad that would join an eastern port to the Central Valley capital, San Jose. Later, to help finance that enterprise, he founded the United Fruit Company and the Jamaican workers remained in the Province of Limon to plant bananas. Their English-based Limonese Creole language has remained extant in spite of many government attempts to eradicate it, most likely because it acts, among other elements, as an identity marker for its people. But, will it survive globalization? And if so, for how long? ; En el siglo XIX un grupo compuesto en su mayoría por afro-jamaiquinos se estableció en la costa Caribe de Costa Rica, un país de habla hispana. Dicha comunidad debía trabajar para Minor C. Keith un ingeniero estadounidense que había sido comisionado por el gobierno costarricense para construir un ferrocarril que uniese un puerto del este con la capital del Valle Central, San José. Para financiar su empresa Keith fundó la United Fruit Company y los trabajadores jamaiquinos permanecieron en la provincia de Limón para plantar bananos. El lenguaje creole de los empleados, basado en el inglés, sobrevivió, a pesar de los esfuerzos del gobierno por erradicarlo, principalmente porque actúa, entre otros elementos, como una marca de identidad para quienes lo hablan. Pero ¿sobrevivirá a la globalización? Y si es así, ¿por cuánto tiempo?

The demand for processed fruit juice is rising in Uganda due to growth in urbanization, incomes and middle class. Though locally-processed fruit juice is available, much of the domestic demand is being satisfied through imports mainly from South Africa and Kenya, leading to a variety of products in the market. Since processed fruit juice is a heterogenous product, this study assessed the implicit market values of its quality attributes for enhancement of nutrition security in Uganda. By fitting market data to the hedonic price model, size of package was slightly discounted in processed fruit juice per 100 ml serving. For a unit (ml) increase in size of package of fruit juice, the price per serving decreased by Ush0.11 (< US$0.01). Further, fruit juices in transparent packages were significantly cheaper per serving than those in non-transparent packages by Ush23 (US$0.01). Besides packaging, the influence of important quality attributes on its market price was weak. Only fruit juices with added sugar and preservatives were discounted on the market. Fruit juice concentration and flavour did not have any effect on the market price of processed fruit juice, probably because market prices of fruit juices were relatively uniform per serving irrespective of the fruit juice concentration and flavour. Informal interview with one of the local fruit juice processors revealed that the price of fruit juice reflected the cost of packaging material that constituted about 70% of total production costs. Results from this study have far reaching implications for agribusinesses and policy makers for promotion of nutrition security in Uganda. Local fruit juice processors and distributors could opt for the market-oriented pricing and segmentation strategies to offer a wide range of products including premium fruit juice products for high-end, nutrition and health conscious consumers. Moreover, any government efforts to lower the cost of fruit juice packaging material will promote local fruit juice production and consumption in Uganda.Keywords: processed fruit juice, hedonic price model, attributes, convenience, nutrition

CITRUS FRUITS PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND HEALTH BENEFITS -- CITRUS FRUITS PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND HEALTH BENEFITS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CITRUS BASED BIOREFINERIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. The Biorefinery Concept -- 1.2. Feedstocks and Products -- 1.3. Technologies -- 2. METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTION -- 2.1. Process Design Approach -- 2.2. Process Description -- 2.2.1. Essential Oil Plant -- 2.2.2. Antioxidant Plant -- 2.2.3. Pectin Plant -- 2.2.4. Xylitol Plant -- 2.2.5. Citric Acid Plant

We detected Marburg virus genome in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) captured in Zambia in September 2018. The virus was closely related phylogenetically to the viruses that previously caused Marburg outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This finding demonstrates that Zambia is at risk for Marburg virus disease.

Front Cover -- Valorization of Fruit Processing By-products -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Fruit processing by-products as food ingredients -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Processing of fruit by-products -- 1.2.1 Pomace processing conditions -- 1.2.2 Influence of processing on pomace composition -- 1.3 Technofunctional and physical properties of processed fruit pomace -- 1.3.1 Pomace as a source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds -- 1.3.2 Role of dietary fiber in the human nutrition -- 1.3.3 Physical properties of processed fruit pomace -- 1.4 Application of fruit pomace in baked products -- 1.5 Pasta -- 1.6 Meat products -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Apple -- 2.1 Apple -- 2.2 Apple fruit processing -- 2.2.1 Apple fruit juice production -- 2.2.1.1 Quality raw material-first step of successful apple fruit juice production -- 2.2.1.2 Washing and inspection of apple fruits-the start of apple fruit juice production -- 2.2.1.3 Milling of apples and primary thermal treatment for apple fruit juice production -- 2.2.1.4 Mash depectinization in apple fruit juice production -- 2.2.1.5 Pressing of fruit in apple fruit juice production -- 2.2.1.6 Further steps in apple juice production: centrifugation, thermal processing of juice, clarification, and filtration -- 2.2.1.7 Final steps in apple juice production: pasteurization, filling, and storage -- 2.2.2 Concentrated fruit juice production -- 2.2.3 By-products of apple fruit juice production -- 2.2.3.1 Apple pomace -- 2.2.3.2 Apple peel -- 2.2.3.3 Apple seed and other apple by-products -- 2.2.4 Other apple processing-apple-containing fruit filter tea production and by-product remaining -- 2.3 Possibilities of application of apple processing by-products -- 2.3.1 Pectin -- 2.3.1.1 Importance of pectin -- 2.3.1.2 Production of pectin from natural sources.

South Florida horticulture continues to evolve. Changes are due to urbanization, governmental regulation, foreign competition and the needs of the growing community. An urban forestry project was initiated in 2004 at FTBG in conjunction with the Whitman Tropical Fruit Pavilion. This project provides the home owner and estate gardener with examples of tropical fruit in the urban landscape. The formal landscape design has been important to the success of the project and is built around a central plaza with plantings of economically important (including fruit) crops radiating out of a central point. Carambola and guava have been a successful display element as a mirrored espalier planting to frame the plaza and demonstrate a novel method for estate gardening. The use of superior clonal material has been vital to the success of the project, allowing for precocious flowering and fruiting of a range of species. Furthermore, the use of dwarf clones and horticultural management to control size of sapodilla, jackfruit, mamey sapote and mangos have added considerable impact to the project. The project continues to evolve in both species selection and horticultural management; however, early response to the project shows considerable potential for public impact both in urban forestry and estate gardening.