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During the spring of 1954, the Soviet Union, the Byelorussian SSR, and the Ukrainian SSR signed the constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, who had withdrawn from UNESCO in December 1952, resumed their memberships in the organization.

Rumania applied for membership in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in June 1954. On August 12, the UNESCO agreement exempting educational films from customs duties entered into force; the agreement was in effect in eleven countries. The UNESCO convention exempting books, newspapers, works of art, scientific equipment, and other educational material from import duties was being applied in nineteen countries.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization has been established as a specialized agency under the United Nations. An agreement, negotiated between the Preparatory Commission and the United Nations in June, 1946, was later approved by the General Conference of UNESCO, and by the General Assembly of the United Nations, provided that UNESCO, should maintain direct working relations with the Economic and Social Council's commissions and committees, with the Secretariat of the United Nations, and with other specialized agencies.

The seventh session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization was held in Paris from November 12 through December 11, 1952. Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (India) was elected president of the session; on November 24, the Conference elected S. M. Sharif (Pakistan) to serve as acting president when Sir Sarvepalli was recalled to India.

The Executive Board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) held its 63rd session in Paris from October 26 to December 12, 1962, under the chairmanship of Dr. Mohamed Awad (United Arab Republic). The Board took note of the salient developments and progress outlined by the Acting Director-General, Mr. Rene1 Maheu, in his oral report on the activities of UNESCO since the Board's 62nd session.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) held its twelfth General Conference in Paris from November 9 to December 12, 1962, under the presidency of Mr. Paulo de Berrêdo Carneiro (Brazil). One of the Conference's first actions was to elect for a six-year term as Director-General Mr. René Maheu (France), who had served as Acting Director-General since the resignation of Dr. Vittorino Veronese (Italy) in 1961.

The report of the Director-General on the activities of the United Nations, Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for 1960 included a discussion of: 1) relations with member states and international organizations; 2) execution of the program; and 3) administrative services. In the first section the Director-General commented that, in 1960, UNESCO's role had assumed its full importance in the collective system of international organizations and that its close cooperation with the UN had resulted in new possibilities for direct, large-scale action.

Eighth General ConferenceThe eighth General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was held in Montevideo, Uruguay, from November 12 to December 10, 1954, under the chairmanship of Justino Zavala Muniz (Uruguay). Of the 72 UNESCO members, 69 attended the conference, seven of whom had become members since the last General Conference (Spain, Nepal, Libya, Chile, the Soviet Union, Byelorussia and the Ukraine) and three of whom (Czechoslovakia, Poland and Hungary) had resumed active participation after previously withdrawing. In addition, the Conference was attended by observers from non-member states, the United Nations and international and nongovernmental organizations.

The second extraordinary session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization was held in Paris from July 1 to 6, 1953. After setting up credentials and nominations committees, the Conference set up a drafting committee on personnel questions and elected two members of the Executive Board. Acting upon the nomination presented to it by the Executive Board, the Conference, by a vote of 39 to 17, appointed Dr. Luther H. Evans, Librarian of the United States Congress, as Director-General of the organization. The appointment was for a period of six years.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) held its ninth General Conference in New Delhi from November 5 to December 5, 1956. It was presided over by Mr. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Minister of Education (India).1 Of the 76 states which were members of UNESCO as of June 30, 1956, the Conference recognized as valid the credentials of 73 attending member states. In addition, the Conference was attended by delegates from associate members, and observers from non-member states, the UN and international and non-governmental organizations.

In May 1950 the United Nations Secretary-General (Lie) and the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Bodet) submitted a joint report to the Economic and Social Council entitled "Teaching about the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies". This was in response to resolution 203 (VIII) of ECOSOC which requested the Secretary-General and the Director-General of UNESCO to submit jointly, not later than June 1, 1950, a complete, analytical report on the progress achieved in teaching about the United Nations in educational institutions of member states. The report was based largely on information received from nineteen member countries during 1949, but use also was made of statements received and included in two interim reports on teaching about the United Nations submitted to ECOSOC in 1948 and 1949. Altogether reports from 37 members were analyzed.

Executive Board The 43d session of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Executive Board was held in Madrid from April 9 to 19, 1956 under the Chairmanship of Sir Arcot L. Mudaliar. The Board decided to postpone consideration of the report of the Director General covering the activities of UNESCO in 1955 until the July session, at which time the report for the first six months of 1956 could also be discussed. A preliminary report on the activities of the first three months of 1956 was noted with satisfaction.

The Executive Board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) held its 57th session in Paris from October 28 to December 12, 1960. Under the heading, Execution of the Program, die Board discussed the item "Commemoration of anniversaries of great personalities and events." In connection with diis item it was decided to request the Director-General to dispatch circular letters to member states, national commissions, and nongovernmental organizations drawing dieir attention to an attached list of great personalities and events and asking them to inform the Director-General of action taken by them to organize such commemorative celebrations as they deemed appropriate.

The report of the Director-General, Dr. Vittorino Veronese, on the activities of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1959 dealt, as usual, with: 1) relations with member states and international organizations; 2) execution of the program; and 3) administrative services. Under the first heading, the Director-General reported that during the year in review the Singapore/British Borneo group associate membership in the Organization had ceased to exist as of December 31, 1959, when Singapore alone had assumed the rights and duties of an associate member, and that relations with the UN, the specialized agencies, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had continued to develop.

The report of the Director-General, Dr. Vittorino Veronese, on the activities of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1958 wad divided into the usual three parts, namely: relations with member states and international organizations: execution of the program; and administrative services. Under the first heading, the Director-General reported that Albania, Ghana, and the Federation of Malaya had joined the organization during 1958, thereby bringing the total number of members to 81. Moreover, Kuwait, The West Indies Federation, and the Trust Territory of Somaliland were admitted as associate members. Singapore was also admitted as an associate member, to become effective on December 31, 1959.