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International audience ; In this chapter, we investigate graffiti removal as a crucial component of urban walls mundane governance. Drawing on an ethnography in Paris, we show that graffiti removal accomplishes a series of consecutive, sometimes simultaneous, ontological enactments that perform contrastive versions of urban walls. In official documents and during removal interventions, the 'same' wall can indeed be handled as the object of a specific kind of maintenance, as a quantified surface, as a controlled space of public expression, as part of an official decorum, and as an uncertain material composite. These versions offer a particularly interesting case of what Deleuze and Guattari call 'collective assemblages of enunciation', where the erasure of unofficial public inscriptions implies the practical articulation of the material properties of walls (stone, brick, paint, concrete…), graffiti (ink, paint…) and removal techniques (water, sponge, paint, sand, rags, chemical products…). Such ontological multiplicity is precious to better understand both the modes of existence of walls in the city and the politics of public order maintenance.

International audience ; In this chapter, we investigate graffiti removal as a crucial component of urban walls mundane governance. Drawing on an ethnography in Paris, we show that graffiti removal accomplishes a series of consecutive, sometimes simultaneous, ontological enactments that perform contrastive versions of urban walls. In official documents and during removal interventions, the 'same' wall can indeed be handled as the object of a specific kind of maintenance, as a quantified surface, as a controlled space of public expression, as part of an official decorum, and as an uncertain material composite. These versions offer a particularly interesting case of what Deleuze and Guattari call 'collective assemblages of enunciation', where the erasure of unofficial public inscriptions implies the practical articulation of the material properties of walls (stone, brick, paint, concrete…), graffiti (ink, paint…) and removal techniques (water, sponge, paint, sand, rags, chemical products…). Such ontological multiplicity is precious to better understand both the modes of existence of walls in the city and the politics of public order maintenance.

This article locates the contemporary security climate of the city of Los Angeles within a historical trajectory of modes of securitization. While some of the analysis treats the material and technological aspects of cities in general, and Los Angeles in particular, much of my emphasis, articulated in readings of both literary and film versions of police procedurals, is on discursive barriers. Ultimately, I suggest that, materially and discursively, urban America features class and ethnic fault lines that serve as the primary bases of security management.

Urban renewal areas are popular but empirically understudied spatial planning instruments designed to prevent urban decline and induce renewal. We use a quasi-experimental research design to study the effects of 22 renewal areas implemented in Berlin, Germany, to increase housing and living quality in the aftermath of the city's division during the Cold War period. Our results suggest that the policy has helped reduce (increase) the number of buildings in poor (good) condition by 25% (10%). Property prices increased at an annual rate of 0.4-1.7% according to our preferred estimates. Evidence is weak at best, however, for positive housing externalities. More generally, our findings indicate that the efficiency of program evaluations for place based -policies using quasi-experimental methods increases with the number of targeted areas and areas that provide the counterfactual.

Stadt besteht aus einer Vielzahl von sozialen, politischen und architektonischen Räumen, ökonomischen Strukturen, historischen Kontexten und zufälligen Begegnungen. Wie lässt sich (das Erleben von) Stadt beschreiben, wenn sie für die Einzelnen unüberschaubar ist? Birgit Szepanski zeigt, dass zeitgenössische Künstlerinnen und Künstler durch poststrukturelle Erzählmethoden eine »erzählte Stadt« generieren und es so ermöglichen, Stadt in ihrer Komplexität wahrzunehmen. In Werken von Janet Cardiff und Jeff Wall werden Referenzbildungen zwischen bildender Kunst, Literatur, Film, Alltagsgeschehen, Politik, Historie und biografischen Geschichten analysiert, die Stadt mannigfaltig erzählen. Birgit Szepanski (Dr. phil. in art.), Kunstwissenschaftlerin, Künstlerin und Publizistin, lebt in Berlin. Sie promovierte an der Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg. Ihre wissenschaftlich-künstlerischen Forschungsschwerpunkte sind Erzählmethoden in der bildenden Kunst, der urbane Raum in der zeitgenössischen Kunst und interdisziplinäre Verbindungen zwischen bildender Kunst, Literatur und Film.

"Stadt besteht aus einer Vielzahl von sozialen, politischen und architektonischen Räumen, ökonomischen Strukturen, historischen Kontexten und zufälligen Begegnungen. Wie lässt sich (das Erleben von) Stadt beschreiben, wenn sie für die Einzelnen unüberschaubar ist? Birgit Szepanski zeigt, dass zeitgenössische Künstlerinnen und Künstler durch poststrukturelle Erzählmethoden eine »erzählte Stadt« generieren und es so ermöglichen, Stadt in ihrer Komplexität wahrzunehmen. In Werken von Janet Cardiff und Jeff Wall werden Referenzbildungen zwischen bildender Kunst, Literatur, Film, Alltagsgeschehen, Politik, Historie und biografischen Geschichten analysiert, die Stadt mannigfaltig erzählen.

AbstractJerusalem city witnessing last touches of constructing the Israeli wall that came as a part of a general strategy aim to separate the city from its periphery. The city, that includes about 400,000 Palestinians considered as the hub of fifty Palestinian communities. This structure is interlinked by complex cultural, social, and economic relationships. This aims to de facto annex vast areas to Israel using different means like land confiscations, colonial activities and finally constructing the wall in order to reach the city "Israelization". Israel claims that Jerusalem is an open city as was declared immediately after 1967. On the ground, since 1967, Israel created different kinds of walls to divide Jerusalem into Palestinian enclaves and Israeli contiguous urban scheme (Hasson, 1996).
This study investigates the impact of Israeli policies on Jerusalem area since 1948. Since then all planning practices were directed to isolate Jerusalem by cutting off all surrounding Arab communities. The aim of the study is to shed light on the hidden agenda of the Israeli planning strategies and its impact on the Palestinian urban structure.
In order to assess the urban settings for the study area, aerial photos were analyzed, field visits, literature and historical review were conducted. The outcome of the study shows that Israeli planning machine in the area was aiming to enlarge "Greater Jerusalem" area by annexing as much land as possible within the city boundary. Another aim was to weaken and segregate the surrounding Palestinian communities in away to make it impossible for these communities to form a center as a Palestinian hub competing the historical hub of Jerusalem.

"Stadt besteht aus einer Vielzahl von sozialen, politischen und architektonischen Räumen, ökonomischen Strukturen, historischen Kontexten und zufälligen Begegnungen. Wie lässt sich (das Erleben von) Stadt beschreiben, wenn sie für die Einzelnen unüberschaubar ist? Birgit Szepanski zeigt, dass zeitgenössische Künstlerinnen und Künstler durch poststrukturelle Erzählmethoden eine »erzählte Stadt« generieren und es so ermöglichen, Stadt in ihrer Komplexität wahrzunehmen. In Werken von Janet Cardiff und Jeff Wall werden Referenzbildungen zwischen bildender Kunst, Literatur, Film, Alltagsgeschehen, Politik, Historie und biografischen Geschichten analysiert, die Stadt mannigfaltig erzählen

Growing urbanization is associated with the emergence of environmental problems, such as the reduction of natural resources, the atmosphere pollution and the increase of the heat islands phenomenon in cities. The integration of vegetation in the urban areas, through the creation of green hanging systems, represents a possible solution to improve the energy sustainability of buildings, to combat meteoric excesses, to improve stormwater management and to reduce pollutant levels. These energy and environmental benefits are related to the properties of evapotranspiration, shading and thermal insulation of the vegetation. The work reports the results of the main studies concerning the use of hanging systems to counter environmental impacts and improve the energy efficiency of buildings.