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Letter written by Union soldier W. W. Hawkins to his father. The letter is dated November 20, 1862 from "Camp at Fairmount, Near Fredericksburg, VA." The letter contains comments about military life (marching, lack of rations, talking with Confederate soldiers encamped across the river, cavalry foraging for food).

This service record is an account of military actions during the American Civil War by veteran W. W. James dated from 1900. ; 1 leaf, 2 pdf pages. ; All descriptive lists and service records in this United Confederate (Civil War) Veterans manuscript collection believed to be based out of Robert E. Lee Camp #158 of the United Confederate Veterans (Fort Worth, Tex.) ; The Southwest Collection Manuscript Record can be accessed at the following URL: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/ttusw/00119/tsw-00119.html ; Regiment & Battles mentioned: Confederate States of America. Army. Tennessee Infantry Regiment, 41st.

For the past decade the focus of the U.S. security policy has been changing. After a period of global American hegemony, which took place at the end of the Cold War, the international position of the country is declining; countries such as China, India, Brazil, Russia are moving alongside the United States and Europe as centres of power. Focusing U.S. interest on Asia and the Pacifi c ("Asia Pacifi c pivot") causes a reduction of its interests in Europe. Given these trends U.S and EU policymakers face the challenge to redefine their security and defence cooperation. This applies both to the acquisition by European allies more responsibility for their own safety as well as to develop new mechanisms for cooperation on the line US-NATO-EU relations. The article aims to answer about the current situation and perspectives of EU's place and role in U.S. security policy in the context of redistribution of power in the world politics. The analysis is carried out in the neorealistic paradigm.

The article focuses on different aspects of the nuclear energy challenges. In the recent past, there has been a paradigmatic shift in the approach to nuclear crisis legal arrangement. Effective nuclear management requires a multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary, and holistic approach, encompassing pre-crisis preparedness initiatives, crisis response, and postcrisis rehabilitation, all with active participation of local people. As the incidence and severity of crises has increased over time, culture of HR management deserves highest priority at both the national and sub-national levels and the traditional approach of post-crisis response and relief need to be replaced by an all-in-compassing holistic approach. Nuclear security management is an important issue that cannot be addressed by one agency, technology or institution alone. It calls for convergence of technologies and institutions with the goal of fulfilling the various dimensions, timeliness, accuracy, scope and coverage, formats and standards to match the user needs and finally assimilation of information for decision-making. A holistic approach encompassing a suitable mix of policy reforms, institutional changes and technology options. Without this, it will not be possible to achieve longer term immunity against natural and manmade crises. It is quite evident that economic development may not be sustainable under conditions of vulnerability to crises ; Czy energia atomowa jest zabawą z ogniem czy też jedynym wyjściem z kryzysu energetycznego? Nowe wyzwania, które pojawiły się przed ludzkością w wyniku wydarzeń w Japonii, stwarzają nieznane dotąd zagrożenia. Energia nuklearna stała się przyczyną podziałów na świecie. Artykuł analizuje czynniki kształtujące europejską kulturę bezpieczeństwa atomowego uwzględniając efektywność procedur kierowania zespołami ludzkimi oraz adekwatne ramy legislacyjne wytwarzania energii z atomu. Autor szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy można wyciągać jednoznaczne wnioski dla rozwoju energetyki atomowej w Polsce z wywołanych trzęsieniem ziemi i tsunami zdarzeń w japońskich elektrowniach jądrowych? Dla zapewnienia rozwoju oraz bezpiecznego funkcjonowania energetyki jądrowej w Polsce niezbędne jest przyjęcie ustaw tzw. pakietu atomowego. Czy nowelizacja Prawa atomowego określa wymagania bezpieczeństwa budowy i eksploatacji obiektów jądrowych zgodnie z najnowszymi standardami i zaleceniami międzynarodowymi?

This service record is an account of military actions during the American Civil War by veteran W. W. Strawn (1836- ), dated from 1901. ; 1 leaf ; 2 pdf pages. ; All descriptive lists and service records in this United Confederate (Civil War) Veterans manuscript collection believed to be based out of Robert E. Lee Camp #158 of the United Confederate Veterans (Fort Worth, Tex.). United Confederate Veterans. R.E. Lee Camp No. 158 (Fort Worth, Tex.) ; The Southwest Collection Manuscript Record can be accessed at the following URL: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/ttusw/00119/tsw-00119.html

Romanian Railways have a history for more than 125 years. During all this period, the railway was a major factor in technical and sometimes even economic progress of the society. It also has been the factor of stability that could not have been influenced by political events. On August 20th, 1854, the railway Oravita-Bazias, in length of 62,5 km, was inaugurated only for the coal transport. It was the first railway built on today Romanian territory. The first railway Buzau - Marasesti built by Romanian engineers. Next connections between Bucuresti-Ploiesti-Buzau-Galati-Barbosi-Tecuci-Marasesti-Roman-Suceava railway are opened on September 13th, 1872. The lack of the connection between Buzau and Marasesti was realised for the first time during the military transport during the Independence War (1877-1878), especially because a part of the railway in Barbosi-Braila area could have been blocked any time by the Turkish army on the Danube. Buzau-Marasesti railway was the first railway in Romania, designed and built by the Romanian intelligence. In 1913, the professor I.S.Gheorghiu designed the first project of electrification for Sinaia-Pietrosita track and a project for the extension of electrification on Sinaia-Preadeal transom. The General CFR Direction sustained thatthe electrification for Bucharest-Brasov track, as a principal method of enhancement of the transport capacity represented the main priority. National Railway Company "CFR" SA is concerned constantly of rehabilitation (this implies major repairs and modernisation of the requirements of interoperability with the neighbouring countries so that not being excluded from the international transport) of the railway transoms included in the European transport routes. In order to satisfy, in optimal way, the public and social interest through different services and products and for its integration in European transport system, it is necessary the organisation, implementation and maintenance of a quality endurance system, depending on national and international reglamentations. To achieve and maintain the proposed quality at an optimal cost represents a necessity for CFR; to achieve this aspect of quality implies an efficient utilisation of technological, human and material available resources of the company. Thus, a main objective represents to achieve the quality, aspect underlined also in ISO international standards in 9000 Series. The confidence in the company's capacity represents for the client the guarantee that he will be provided the expected quality. To make CFR's provided services become more efficient imply a strong connection between three system's factors: the responsibility of company's management, material and human resources, the structure of quality service and the communications with clients. These main marks imply some quality and related activity objectives like: - systematic definition of client necessities; - preventive controls to avoid the client dissatisfaction regarding performance, security and confidence of service; - quality optimisation regarding the costs for the level and performances of required service; - continuous concern regarding the requirements and news related to the offered service in order to determine the modalities of quality improvement; - preventive of negative effects of the company on the society and environment. ; Marcin Polom

The language question in St Catherine's Convent in Krakės in the first half of the twentieth centuryAfter 1918, the two Catholic convents on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania faced the issue of Lithuanisation, which was solved in different ways. The Benedictine Convent in Kaunas, the provisional capital of Lithuania, had been firmly Lithuanised by 1924. However, St Catherine's Convent in Krakės in Samogitia chose a different path. This article aims to find out how the Krakės convent dealt with the challenges of nationalism in the context of ongoing modernisation of its life at that time. The main objective is to present the shift from the Polish to the Lithuanian language in public and private life of the convent. The study is mostly based on original documents held in the archives of St Catherine's Convent in Kaunas.The Polish language was very important for the Krakės convent (established in 1645). According to the modified Rule of St Catherine the Virgin and Martyr adopted in Krakės in 1673, the language of prayers and sermons was Polish. Only daughters of noblemen were accepted to join; they were obliged to donate a dowry, which meant that only wealthy girls could become nuns. The Krakės convent stemmed from the cultural traditions of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The establishment of the independent Republic of Lithuania meant that St Catherine's sisters of Krakės needed to re-evaluate their political (civic), national and cultural identities.The study indicates that the solution to the language question in the Krakės convent was not enforced. The sisters were able to naturally reconcile to the situation, with time left to adapt. The article provides a detailed account of the reasons behind the gradual shift from Polish to Lithuanian. Initially, the nuns used Lithuanian to communicate outside the convent. It was not until 1930 that it began to be used in their community life, including prayers. Even then nuns could use Polish to communicate among themselves, say their private prayers or write letters.The study reveals various tensions which existed during this transitional period. However, the conclusion is that the convent successfully managed to avoid hasty decisions and resist emotions, as well as to balance between the universal and local church, the congregation of St Catherine in Braniewo (Braunsberg), the aims of various Lithuanian institutions, and the needs of the convent itself. The greatest achievement can be seen in the fact that the language issue in Krakės was not given unnecessary prominence and prioritised. As the study shows, giving it time was the best solution as the issue of language became resolved naturally, although the transition period lasted for a decade. Problem języka w klasztorze sióstr katarzynek w Krokach w pierwszej połowie XX wiekuPo 1918 roku dwa żeńskie klasztory katolickie, które znalazły się na terytorium Republiki Litewskiej, zetknęły się z problemem lituanizacji, który został rozwiązany na różne sposoby. Klasztor benedyktynek, który znajdował się w tymczasowej stolicy Litwy – Kownie, do 1924 roku uległ drastycznej lituanizacji. Klasztor katarzynek w Krokach, znajdujący się na Żmudzi, wybrał inną drogę. Celem artykułu, opartego głównie na autentycznych dokumentach przechowywanych w kowieńskim archiwum zgromadzenia katarzynek i innych, jest ukazanie, w jaki sposób w klasztorze katarzynek w Krokach poradzono sobie z wyzwaniami dotyczącymi kwestii narodowości w kontekście modernizacji życia klasztoru w owych czasach. Głównym zamiarem jest pokazanie, w jaki sposób nastąpiło przejście z języka polskiego na język litewski w życiu publicznym i wewnętrznym klasztoru.Język polski był bardzo ważny dla klasztoru w Krokach, ufundowanego w 1645 roku. Reguła Zgromadzenia Sióstr św. Katarzyny Dziewicy i Męczennicy przyjęta przez klasztor w Krokach w 1673 roku przewidywała modlitwy i słuchanie kazań księdza w języku polskim. Do klasztoru mogły wstąpić tylko córki szlacheckie. Należało wnieść posag, dlatego mogły być przyjęte tylko osoby o odpowiedniej kondycji majątkowej. Klasztor w Krokach ukształtował się jako ośrodek kultury szlacheckiej WKL. Powstanie niepodległej Republiki Litewskiej oznaczało, że katarzynki z Krok musiały zastanowić się nad swoją tożsamością polityczną (obywatelską), narodową i kulturową.Badania wykazały, że rozwiązanie kwestii języka w klasztorze sióstr katarzynek w Krokach nie było forsowane. Siostrom pozwolono w sposób naturalny zdać sobie sprawę z sytuacji, dano im czas na jej zaakceptowanie. W artykule przedstawiono szczegółowo powody, które doprowadziły do tego, że katarzynki w Krokach stopniowo przeszły od używania języka polskiego do używania języka litewskiego. Początkowo używały go do komunikowania się ze światem zewnętrznym, a dopiero od 1930 roku zaczęły używać go w życiu wewnętrznym klasztoru, podczas modlitw. Jednakże nawet wówczas nie zakazano siostrom używania języka polskiego do własnych kontaktów, do komunikacji między sobą, korespondencji lub podczas osobistej modlitwy.W artykule zostały ujawnione różne napięcia, które miały miejsce w badanym okresie przejściowym, aczkolwiek stwierdza się, że udało się bez podejmowania pochopnych decyzji, bez ulegania emocjom uwzględnić zarówno potrzeby Kościoła powszechnego i lokalnego, zgromadzenia sióstr katarzynek z Braniewa, jak i cele różnorodnych instytucji państwa litewskiego, a także potrzeby klasztoru w Krokach.Za największe osiągnięcie można uznać fakt, że kwestia języka w Krokach nie była wyolbrzymiona, nie była najważniejsza. Jak wykazują badania, czas miał najlepszy wpływ na rozwiązanie problemu. Kwestia języka w klasztorze w Krokach została rozwiązana w sposób naturalny, chociaż zajęło to całe dziesięciolecie.

In the face of demographic problems in Europe which are mainly caused by reduced reproduction of the population, in the case of Poland also emigration, it is no surprise that the declarations, which aim at indicating the proposals of staving off the threat of demographic crisis appear in electoral campaigns. This is indicated by the general formulated directions of actions as well as the proposals of particular actions. Because the biggest number of instruments which may be used to support the families' decision about procreation are found within the scope of family policy, this area of social policy has been selected as the object of analysis. This article presents the selected proposals of the electoral offer concerned with the solutions in the framework of family policy of those parties which during parliamentary elections 2015 in Poland, registered the lists of candidates for Sejm in at least half of electoral constituencies. The aim of the author is not only identify the vision of family policy and the directions of its development presented by given parties, but above all to try to indicate the main separation lines. Detailed analysis of the proposals, mainly from electoral programs, allowed also to mark off those areas and solutions around which political consensus can be created, as they were a part of electoral programs of almost all groups.

Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort 5 l. W. Solowioffs und das Judentum ll. W. Solowioffs Protest gegen den Antisemitismus 17 111. Das religiöse Gewissen erweckt in W. S. lnteresse für das Judentum 22 IV. W. Solowioffs Interesse für Juden 29 V. Die Bekanntschaft mit Juden macht W. S. zu ihrem Apologeten 32 VI. Juden zuverteidigen war für W. S. religiöse und patriotische Pflicht 35 Vll. W. Solowioffs jüdische Apologie 39 Vlll. W. S. über das Verhältnis des Christentums zum Judentum 46 IX. W. S. über die Beziehungen der Evangelien zum Talmud 57 X. W. Solowioffs originelle Polemik. 65 Xl. Widerlegung der nationalen Beschuldigungen 74 Xll. Widerlegung der ökonomischen Beschuldigung 77 Xlll. Wideflegung der politischen Beschuldigungen 80 Schluss 87

Letter from Carl Hayden to W. W. Bass soliciting his opinion on the proposed national park bill.

Letter from Carl Hayden to W. W. Bass on the recent amendments made to the national park bill.

Letter from Carl Hayden to W. W. Bass informing him of the favorable opinion towards a national park bill.

Letter from Carl Hayden to W. W. Bass asking his opinion on the proposed boundaries of the National Park. GC Natl Park written on the letter in blue pencil.

Letter from Carl Hayden to W. W. Bass asking his opinion on the proposed boundaries of the National Park. GC National Park written on the letter in red pencil.

Letter from Carl Hayden to W. W. Bass informing Bass that he will not be able to go north to attend the Arizona Good Roads Association conference; however, he assures Bass that his rights as a land owner and miner will be protected.