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"Are the limitations imposed on World Trade Organization (WTO) members' right to regulate efficient? This is a question that is only scarcely, if ever, analysed in existing literature. Boris Rigod aims to provide an answer to this fundamental concern. Using the tools of economic analysis and in particular the concept of economic efficiency as a benchmark, the author states that domestic regulatory measures should only be subject to scrutiny by WTO bodies when they cause negative international externalities through terms of trade manipulations. He then suggests that WTO law, applied by the WTO judiciary can prevent WTO members from attaining optimal levels of regulation. By applying a law and economics methodology, Rigod provides an innovative solution to the problem of how to reconcile members' regulatory autonomy and WTO rules as well as offering a novel analytical framework for assessing domestic regulations in the light of WTO law"--

"Are the limitations imposed on World Trade Organization (WTO) members' right to regulate efficient? This is a question that is only scarcely, if ever, analysed in existing literature. Boris Rigod aims to provide an answer to this fundamental concern. Using the tools of economic analysis and in particular the concept of economic efficiency as a benchmark, the author states that domestic regulatory measures should only be subject to scrutiny by WTO bodies when they cause negative international externalities through terms of trade manipulations. He then suggests that WTO law, applied by the WTO judiciary can prevent WTO members from attaining optimal levels of regulation. By applying a law and economics methodology, Rigod provides an innovative solution to the problem of how to reconcile members' regulatory autonomy and WTO rules as well as offering a novel analytical framework for assessing domestic regulations in the light of WTO law"--

Are the limitations imposed on World Trade Organization (WTO) members' right to regulate efficient? This is a question that is only scarcely, if ever, analysed in existing literature. Boris Rigod aims to provide an answer to this fundamental concern. Using the tools of economic analysis and in particular the concept of economic efficiency as a benchmark, the author states that domestic regulatory measures should only be subject to scrutiny by WTO bodies when they cause negative international externalities through terms of trade manipulations. He then suggests that WTO law, applied by the WTO judiciary can prevent WTO members from attaining optimal levels of regulation. By applying a law and economics methodology, Rigod provides an innovative solution to the problem of how to reconcile members' regulatory autonomy and WTO rules as well as offering a novel analytical framework for assessing domestic regulations in the light of WTO law

"Both in WTO law and EU law there is a dichotomy between liberalisation based on market access and targeting domestic regulation. Consequently, both regimes share the problem of distinguishing national measures impairing market access and those that do not have such effect. Looking at the provision of services, a cornerstone of EU substantive law, in the EU and the WTO this book offers a comprehensive evaluation of the current legal status quo on transnational services provision on a global level. Based on thorough analysis of both EU and WTO law, policymakers are provided with concrete proposals for fostering the consistency and effectiveness of the current regime. A final chapter discusses possible approaches to regulation such as home state rule, host state rule and mutual recognition from a comparative perspective. Written by a highly respected author team, this is essential reading for EU internal market specialists and WTO law scholars alike"--. "Services liberalization is just as much a hot potato within the European Union as it is within the WTO. In this work Markus Klamert offers a stimulating examination of how the EU and the WTO have coped with market liberalization and with the development of regulatory standards. His analysis almost recalls the perceived relationship between the United Kingdom and the United States (two nations divided by a common language). While the EU and WTO regimes display manifest differences, the language of market access, discrimination, justifi cation and harmonization can be seen as being hewn from the same roots. This work seeks to lift the veil of ignorance about these similarities and to encourage more cross-fertilization than has hitherto occurred

"The jurisprudence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is replete with references to Articles 31-2 of the Vienna Convention (VC) on the Law of Treaties. This gospel for interpretation is often the starting-point of judgments in the WTO. Its use in the WTO became established with the Appellate Body (AB) decision in the US-Gasoline case wherein it was pointed out that the general rule of interpretation set out in Article 31 of the VC had attained the status of a rule of customary or general international law. As such, it forms part of the 'customary rules of interpretation of public international law' which the Appellate Body has been directed, by Article 3(2) of the DSU [Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes], to apply in seeking to clarify the provisions of the General Agreement and the other 'covered agreements' of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ... That direction reflects a measure of recognition that the General Agreement is not to be read in clinical isolation from public international law. (Footnotes omitted) This statement is often religiously cited in other WTO cases"--

In diesem Werk wird aus rechtswissenschaftlicher Sicht untersucht, welche Bedeutung das WTO- und EU-Agrarhandelsrecht sowie deren Verhältnis zum Menschenrecht auf Nahrung für die weltweite Ernährungssicherheit haben. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass1. das WTO-Agrarrecht negative Auswirkungen auf die weltweite Ernährungssicherheit hat und das EU-Agrarrecht hierzu beiträgt,2. aus menschenrechtlicher sowie agrarhandelsrechtlicher Sicht das Erfordernis besteht, das Menschenrecht auf Nahrung umfassend auch im Rahmen des WTO- und EU-Agrarrechts zu beachten,3. mithilfe des Menschenrechts auf Nahrung als "übergeordnetem" Maßstab für das WTO- und EU-Agrarrecht erreicht werden kann, dass diese Regelungen einen positiven Beitrag zur weltweiten Ernährungssicherheit sowie zum Erreichen ihrer jeweiligen Zielsetzungen leisten,4. handhabbare Vorgaben sowie Harmonisierungsinstrumente für die praktische Umsetzung der aus dem Menschenrecht auf Nahrung folgenden (extraterritorialen) Verpflichtungen bestehen

In diesem Werk wird aus rechtswissenschaftlicher Sicht untersucht, welche Bedeutung das WTO- und EU-Agrarhandelsrecht sowie deren Verhältnis zum Menschenrecht auf Nahrung für die weltweite Ernährungssicherheit haben. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass1. das WTO-Agrarrecht negative Auswirkungen auf die weltweite Ernährungssicherheit hat und das EU-Agrarrecht hierzu beiträgt,2. aus menschenrechtlicher sowie agrarhandelsrechtlicher Sicht das Erfordernis besteht, das Menschenrecht auf Nahrung umfassend auch im Rahmen des WTO- und EU-Agrarrechts zu beachten,3. mithilfe des Menschenrechts auf Nahrung als "übergeordnetem" Maßstab für das WTO- und EU-Agrarrecht erreicht werden kann, dass diese Regelungen einen positiven Beitrag zur weltweiten Ernährungssicherheit sowie zum Erreichen ihrer jeweiligen Zielsetzungen leisten,4. handhabbare Vorgaben sowie Harmonisierungsinstrumente für die praktische Umsetzung der aus dem Menschenrecht auf Nahrung folgenden (extraterritorialen) Verpflichtungen bestehen

How did a treaty that emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War, and barely survived its early years, evolve into one of the most influential organisations in international law? This unique book brings together original contributions from an unprecedented number of eminent current and former GATT and WTO staff members, including many current and former Appellate Body members, to trace the history of law and lawyers in the GATT/WTO and explore how the nature of legal work has evolved over the institution's sixty-year history. In doing so, it paints a fascinating portrait of the development of the rule of law in the multilateral trading system, and allows some of the most important personalities in GATT and WTO history to share their stories and reflect on the WTO's remarkable journey from a 'provisionally applied treaty' to an international organisation defined by its commitment to the rule of law

Cover -- Value of WTO Trade Agreements in a New Keynesian Model -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. THE MODEL -- A. Households -- B. The Government -- C. Firms -- D. The Consolidated Budget Constraint -- E. The Initial Steady State -- III. PARAMETERIZATION -- IV. EFFECTS OF A UNILATERAL TARIFF REDUCTION -- V. VALUE OF WTO TRADE AGREEMENTS -- VI. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES

The fifth edition of the WTO Appellate Body Repertory of Reports and Awards (the 'Repertory') serves first and foremost as a source of information for those interested in the field of international trade law and international dispute settlement. Initially developed as an internal research tool to assist the Appellate Body Secretariat in carrying out its duty to provide legal support to Appellate Body Members, the Repertory has become a practical tool for officials from WTO Member States, and in particular for Members (including developing-country Members) that may not have the resources to prepare a similar compendium in-house. The Repertory is also a useful publication for academics, students, private practitioners, trade officials and other followers of international trade law and international dispute settlement