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Societies in every country face the negative phenomenon known as unemployment. The government in every country could make full employment of their respective labour force a primary policy objective. However, this goal is impossible to achieve as evidenced by the fact that even the most developed countries can not avoid unemployment. Furthermore, natural unemployment is even useful for the economy. Every individual desires to have a good job and to earn a good salary. A high unemployment rate in the country indicates that many resources are not being used properly and are consequently being wasted. Unemployment causes many problems for a person. These problems are not only financial, but also personal. It is very important to note, that unemployment not only influences the lives of the single man and his family, but also impacts every person in the country as a whole complex. Women's unemployment is an exceptional part of common unemployment. If one compares separate segments in the labour market, such as the youth or handicapped, it is evident that different reasons cause the origin of women's unemployment. For instance, women are more emotionally vulnerable and physically weaker. In addition, women in the labour market often face discrimination. Women's unemployment is not only a big problem in Lithuania, but also it is a major concern in the whole world. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the situation of women in Lithuania's labour market. In order to obtain this goal, it is necessary to resolve several issues. Primarily, it is essential to explain the theoretical meaning of unemployment, to find the main factors that influence women's unemployment, and to discover possible solutions for women's unemployment.

Societies in every country face the negative phenomenon known as unemployment. The government in every country could make full employment of their respective labour force a primary policy objective. However, this goal is impossible to achieve as evidenced by the fact that even the most developed countries can not avoid unemployment. Furthermore, natural unemployment is even useful for the economy. Every individual desires to have a good job and to earn a good salary. A high unemployment rate in the country indicates that many resources are not being used properly and are consequently being wasted. Unemployment causes many problems for a person. These problems are not only financial, but also personal. It is very important to note, that unemployment not only influences the lives of the single man and his family, but also impacts every person in the country as a whole complex. Women's unemployment is an exceptional part of common unemployment. If one compares separate segments in the labour market, such as the youth or handicapped, it is evident that different reasons cause the origin of women's unemployment. For instance, women are more emotionally vulnerable and physically weaker. In addition, women in the labour market often face discrimination. Women's unemployment is not only a big problem in Lithuania, but also it is a major concern in the whole world. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the situation of women in Lithuania's labour market. In order to obtain this goal, it is necessary to resolve several issues. Primarily, it is essential to explain the theoretical meaning of unemployment, to find the main factors that influence women's unemployment, and to discover possible solutions for women's unemployment.

Plutarch's works often serve as a starting point for feminist criticism – the writer is called both a feminist who surpassed his times and a spokesperson for the traditional patriarchal society who sees women as passive and inferior to men. Others are certain that Plutarch hates women and atributes all possible character flaws to them. According to some, Plutarch despises educated women, yet others, contrarily, state that he enjoyed the company of educated women no less than that of educated men. Such a vast range of different expert opinions may be due to Plutarch's vast literary legacy as well as the peculiarity of his way of thinking and his "generic sensibility": the tendency to change his approach in consideration of different generic demands. Nevertheless, it is impossible to disagree that Plutarch did write the lives of men, and not of women. However, in the remaining Lives of famous Greeks and Romans, we meet plenty of women whose acts and moral principles may serve as examples not only for women, but also for men. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that Plutarch, despite of sometimes relying on stereotypes, regards women according to the same ethical principles as he applies to men. Plutarch depicts women not as passive and submissive, but as autonomous and mature characters who are active not only in their private world, but in the political world too. They overstep the traditional social boundaries of the stereotype "feminine matrix." He accentuates two of women's social roles that, according to his judgement, are of the greatest importance: motherhood and partnership. In Plutarch's narrative, women are associated with love – the selfless motherly love, or marital love based on the community of thoughts and feelings. Plutarch draws attention not to the physical beauty of women, which is traditionally related to feminine sexuality in masculine psychology, but to the integrity of their characters. Love between a husband and wife, based not only on eros, but on devotion and friendship, is the primary representation of erotic love in his Lives.

Plutarch's works often serve as a starting point for feminist criticism – the writer is called both a feminist who surpassed his times and a spokesperson for the traditional patriarchal society who sees women as passive and inferior to men. Others are certain that Plutarch hates women and atributes all possible character flaws to them. According to some, Plutarch despises educated women, yet others, contrarily, state that he enjoyed the company of educated women no less than that of educated men. Such a vast range of different expert opinions may be due to Plutarch's vast literary legacy as well as the peculiarity of his way of thinking and his "generic sensibility": the tendency to change his approach in consideration of different generic demands. Nevertheless, it is impossible to disagree that Plutarch did write the lives of men, and not of women. However, in the remaining Lives of famous Greeks and Romans, we meet plenty of women whose acts and moral principles may serve as examples not only for women, but also for men. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that Plutarch, despite of sometimes relying on stereotypes, regards women according to the same ethical principles as he applies to men. Plutarch depicts women not as passive and submissive, but as autonomous and mature characters who are active not only in their private world, but in the political world too. They overstep the traditional social boundaries of the stereotype "feminine matrix." He accentuates two of women's social roles that, according to his judgement, are of the greatest importance: motherhood and partnership. In Plutarch's narrative, women are associated with love – the selfless motherly love, or marital love based on the community of thoughts and feelings. Plutarch draws attention not to the physical beauty of women, which is traditionally related to feminine sexuality in masculine psychology, but to the integrity of their characters. Love between a husband and wife, based not only on eros, but on devotion and friendship, is the primary representation of erotic love in his Lives.

Plutarch's works often serve as a starting point for feminist criticism – the writer is called both a feminist who surpassed his times and a spokesperson for the traditional patriarchal society who sees women as passive and inferior to men. Others are certain that Plutarch hates women and atributes all possible character flaws to them. According to some, Plutarch despises educated women, yet others, contrarily, state that he enjoyed the company of educated women no less than that of educated men. Such a vast range of different expert opinions may be due to Plutarch's vast literary legacy as well as the peculiarity of his way of thinking and his "generic sensibility": the tendency to change his approach in consideration of different generic demands. Nevertheless, it is impossible to disagree that Plutarch did write the lives of men, and not of women. However, in the remaining Lives of famous Greeks and Romans, we meet plenty of women whose acts and moral principles may serve as examples not only for women, but also for men. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that Plutarch, despite of sometimes relying on stereotypes, regards women according to the same ethical principles as he applies to men. Plutarch depicts women not as passive and submissive, but as autonomous and mature characters who are active not only in their private world, but in the political world too. They overstep the traditional social boundaries of the stereotype "feminine matrix." He accentuates two of women's social roles that, according to his judgement, are of the greatest importance: motherhood and partnership. In Plutarch's narrative, women are associated with love – the selfless motherly love, or marital love based on the community of thoughts and feelings. Plutarch draws attention not to the physical beauty of women, which is traditionally related to feminine sexuality in masculine psychology, but to the integrity of their characters. Love between a husband and wife, based not only on eros, but on devotion and friendship, is the primary representation of erotic love in his Lives.

Very few women in Lithuania are involved in politics or top-level administration. The main aim of the study was to reveal relation between changes of attitudes of Lithuanians towards political participation of women and voting results in the elections. The study is based on comparative analysis of the results of three national representative surveys in Lithuania conducted in 1994, 2000 and 2009, some results are also compared with data of national representative survey in Belarus, conducted in 2009. The analysis of the results of the surveys and dynamics of women's political participation showed that people of Lithuania are indifferent about women's participation in politics and government, and, their opinion did not change substantially since 1994. During this period numbers of elected women to Parliament or municipal boards remained low. Attitudes of Lithuanian people determined low numbers of elected women, but had no influence on women's success or failure in the particular elections held within this period. No radical means to increase the number of women in politics and government would be accepted by the population of Lithuania. Comparison of attitudes of Lithuanian and Belarusian people towards women's political participation, showed that all they remain patriarchal, but progress of Lithuanian's attitudes towards more democratic is greater.

Very few women in Lithuania are involved in politics or top-level administration. The main aim of the study was to reveal relation between changes of attitudes of Lithuanians towards political participation of women and voting results in the elections. The study is based on comparative analysis of the results of three national representative surveys in Lithuania conducted in 1994, 2000 and 2009, some results are also compared with data of national representative survey in Belarus, conducted in 2009. The analysis of the results of the surveys and dynamics of women's political participation showed that people of Lithuania are indifferent about women's participation in politics and government, and, their opinion did not change substantially since 1994. During this period numbers of elected women to Parliament or municipal boards remained low. Attitudes of Lithuanian people determined low numbers of elected women, but had no influence on women's success or failure in the particular elections held within this period. No radical means to increase the number of women in politics and government would be accepted by the population of Lithuania. Comparison of attitudes of Lithuanian and Belarusian people towards women's political participation, showed that all they remain patriarchal, but progress of Lithuanian's attitudes towards more democratic is greater.

Very few women in Lithuania are involved in politics or top-level administration. The main aim of the study was to reveal relation between changes of attitudes of Lithuanians towards political participation of women and voting results in the elections. The study is based on comparative analysis of the results of three national representative surveys in Lithuania conducted in 1994, 2000 and 2009, some results are also compared with data of national representative survey in Belarus, conducted in 2009. The analysis of the results of the surveys and dynamics of women's political participation showed that people of Lithuania are indifferent about women's participation in politics and government, and, their opinion did not change substantially since 1994. During this period numbers of elected women to Parliament or municipal boards remained low. Attitudes of Lithuanian people determined low numbers of elected women, but had no influence on women's success or failure in the particular elections held within this period. No radical means to increase the number of women in politics and government would be accepted by the population of Lithuania. Comparison of attitudes of Lithuanian and Belarusian people towards women's political participation, showed that all they remain patriarchal, but progress of Lithuanian's attitudes towards more democratic is greater.

Very few women in Lithuania are involved in politics or top-level administration. The main aim of the study was to reveal relation between changes of attitudes of Lithuanians towards political participation of women and voting results in the elections. The study is based on comparative analysis of the results of three national representative surveys in Lithuania conducted in 1994, 2000 and 2009, some results are also compared with data of national representative survey in Belarus, conducted in 2009. The analysis of the results of the surveys and dynamics of women's political participation showed that people of Lithuania are indifferent about women's participation in politics and government, and, their opinion did not change substantially since 1994. During this period numbers of elected women to Parliament or municipal boards remained low. Attitudes of Lithuanian people determined low numbers of elected women, but had no influence on women's success or failure in the particular elections held within this period. No radical means to increase the number of women in politics and government would be accepted by the population of Lithuania. Comparison of attitudes of Lithuanian and Belarusian people towards women's political participation, showed that all they remain patriarchal, but progress of Lithuanian's attitudes towards more democratic is greater.

Despite the relevance of social factors in the etiology of violence against women, there are not enough measuring instruments in Guatemala to objectively assess the impact of social variables on this problem. In Guatemala, this problem remained hidden. Assembling a completely normalized and socially sanctioned violation of rights, which is replicated in family, institutional, and social patterns of coexistence in general. This is due to the country's patriarchal culture, particularly in rural areas, where women's roles are viewed as marginal and subject to exclusionary power relations. Therefore, this thesis attempts to contribute to studies on violence against women by offering not only theoretical information but empirical information by providing the Guatemalan population's perspective in this regard. Therefore, the research question was: What connections have been discovered between the theoretical and empirical analyses of violence against women in Guatemala? As a result, the objective is to compare data from empirical and theoretical studies in Guatemala on violence against women. This is to create awareness among government institutions so that measures to educate and sensitize the general public and key stakeholders can be developed, as well as programs to help prevent violence against women. The objectives, then, were to give a theoretical foundation for violence against women; describe violence against women in the Guatemalan context; explore what steps Guatemala has made in terms of violence against women, and analyze Guatemalan community attitudes about violence against women. This was accomplished utilizing a hybrid of qualitative and quantitative approaches, including literature analysis, document analysis, and a survey. It should be noted that this is Guatemala's first survey on women's perceptions of violence. This research consists of three chapters, the first chapter dealing with the conceptual framework concerning violence against women, in which fundamental concepts, categories, views, and ...