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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- Part I The Physician-Patient Relationship -- Duty to Treat -- 1 George J. Annas (1988), 'Legal Risks and Responsibilities of Physicians in the AIDS Epidemic', Hastings Center Report, April/May, pp. 26-32 -- 2 Norman Daniels (1991), 'Duty to Treat or Right to Refuse?', Hastings Center Report, March/April, pp. 36-46 -- 3 Doran Smolkin (1997), 'HIV Infection, Risk Taking, and the Duty to Treat', Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 22, pp. 55-74 -- Confidentiality/Privacy -- 4 Gary B. Melton (1988), 'Ethical and Legal Issues in AIDS-Related Practice', American Psychologist, 43, pp. 941-47 -- 5 Kenneth M. Boyd (1992), 'HIV Infection and AIDS: The Ethics of Medical Confidentiality', Journal of Medical Ethics, 18, pp. 173-79 -- Infected Health Care Workers -- 6 Patti Miller Tereskerz, Richard D. Pearson and Janine Jagger (1999), 'Infected Physicians and Invasive Procedures: National Policy and Legal Reality', The Milbank Quarterly, 77, pp. 511-29 -- 7 Karen C. Lieberman and Arthur R. Derse (1992), 'HIV-Positive Health Care Workers and the Obligation to Disclose: Do Patients Have a Right to Know?', Journal of Legal Medicine, 13, pp. 333-56 -- Part II Aids and the Law -- 8 Larry Gostin (1989), 'The Politics of AIDS: Compulsory State Powers, Public Health, and Civil Liberties', Ohio State Law Journal, 49, pp. 1017-58 -- 9 Richard D. Mohr (1987), 'AIDS, Gays, and State Coercion', Bioethics, 1, pp. 35-50 -- 10 Alistair Orr (1989), 'Legal AIDS: Implications of AIDS and HIV for British and American Law', Journal of Medical Ethics, 15, pp. 61-67 -- 11 Helen Power (1997), 'HIV/AIDS, Sex and the Criminal Law', Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 19, pp. 343-51

HIV and AIDS have posed new challenges to societies, communities and individuals. In many parts of the world, existing health and social services have been hard pressed to cope with the dermands of the epidemic. In hospitals and in the community, new approaches to health education, support and care have been developed. Non-governmental and community organizations have had a central role to play in responding to the challenge of HIV and AIDS. AIDS: Foundations for the Future highlights progress made over the last decade, and offers an agenda for future activism and research. This book examines

'Für den Umgang mit AIDS in der Bevölkerung ist die individuelle, subjektive Wahrnehmung und Interpretation der Krankheit von weitaus größerer Bedeutung als objektiv 'richtiges' Expertenwissen. Solches 'Alltagswissen' ermöglicht eine rasche Orientierung und Handlungssicherheit auch in neuen und ungewohnten Situationen und bietet im Fall von Krankheit darüber hinaus Strategien zur Bewältigung spezifischer Erfahrungen, wie sie die moderne Medizin nicht bieten kann, da sie Sinnfragen weder stellen noch beantworten kann. Das Medikalsystem läßt so ein Deutungsvakuum offen, welches durch alltagstheoretische Annahmen geschlossen wird. 'Umgang mit AIDS' bedeutet bei dieser Sichtweise Umgang mit vermeintlich oder tatsächlich Betroffenen. Dabei werden Mißtrauen gegenüber Fremden, die Meidung Kranker und Infizierter, deren Ausgrenzung aus dem Alltag und die Einführung repressiver staatlicher Maßnahmen umso eher als adäquate Strategien eingeschätzt, je stärker die Sichtweise von AIDS durch solche alltagstheoretischen Krankheitsvorstellungen geprägt ist.' (Autorenreferat)

THERE IS NOTHING REMOTELY 'NORMAL' ABOUT SOUTHERN AFRICA'S LATEST FAMINE, AND NORMAL SOLUTIONS DO NOT APPLY

WHO estimates that 6 million Africans have been injected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and that 1.16 million cases of AIDS had occurred among adults and children in sub‐Saha‐ran Africa by 1991. These are cumulative figures for ten years, including cases and deaths. AIDS is the only disease for which cumulative figures are published; every other disease is reported annually and new cases are separated from that year's death toll. Although I do not wish to minimize the problem of AIDS in Africa, one should note that the effect of cumulative reporting is to amplify the problem.

Historicising Chinese foreign‐aid thinking has become indispensable given China's increasing global role. This article examines a key aspect of this context: the Great Leap Forward and the emerging Sino‐Soviet split period (1958‐1961). The Peking Review is utilised as a window into official aid‐related discourses of the time. The article is organized around an aid vs. "aid" rhetorical and conceptual symmetry within the magazine. Aid is ultimately what Mao Zedong and other leaders intend audiences to code as pro‐development and prestigious. The greater the unreciprocated cost to the donor and the higher the embodied technology, the more helpful and prestigious the donor. At the same time, the more ideologically correct the recipient or donor, the greater its relative prestige in the equation. An ideologically correct recipient such as China deserves more help but needs it less, and accrues more prestige even as it gives comparatively less aid. "Aid" is the reverse image of aid in that it is harmful rather than helpful. But instead of being the opposite of prestigious, "aid" is powerful in a predatory, paper tiger‐like way. While this discourse reflects parochial concerns of the period, the underlying concepts are likely to continue to influence contemporary Chinese aid thinking and practices.

Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction: World AIDS Day -- Chapter One: AIDS: Past and Present -- Chapter Two: The Global Impact -- Chapter Three: Women and Children -- Chapter Four: The AIDS Stigma -- Chapter Five: Fighting AIDS with Prevention -- Chapter Six: Treating AIDS -- Notes -- Discussion Questions -- Organizations to Contact -- For More Information -- Index -- Picture Credits -- About the Author -- Back Cover

La notion d'« aidant informel » recouvre une grande diversité de situations sociales liées aux ressources dont ils disposent, aux types de lien qui les relient aux aidés, à la plus ou moins grande contractualisation, volontaire ou contrainte, qui définit leur travail, les types de reconnaissance dont ils bénéficient de la part de la société, les capacités dont ils disposent pour s'intégrer à d'autres supports et d'autres aides à disposition dans leur espace de vie. Le continuum implicite dans les discours entre l'aide familiale, l'aide domestique, l'aide militante et l'aide professionnelle est battu en brèche par des inégalités sociales qui remettent en cause la catégorie des aidants informels comme l'idéologie d'une articulation fluide entre vie domestique et services collectifs à disposition dans les territoires de vie. En somme, la question qui se pose pour les aidants comme pour les aidés, c'est la marge de manœuvre qu'ils peuvent s'accorder et que la société leur accorde pour garder encore en partie le contrôle de leurs choix de vie et de parcours de vie.

The emerging outlook on the AIDS crisis is bleak; it seems that Millennium Development Goal 6 cannot be achieved in most developing countries by 2015. While most books look at the HIV/AIDS epidemic from an epidemiological point of view, this work evaluates AIDS and the international financing mechanisms of aid from a public good perspective. In contrast to the standard approach of the academic literature on AIDS, which derives policy recommendations from the demand side, this book explicitly considers the supply side. The study does not only advance the public goods literature, it also provides new insights into the effectiveness of international policies and paves the way for policy recommendations. As it reveals the weaknesses of current anti-HIV policies, a more effective allocation of international assistance is postulated.

"World War Aid offers a novel perspective on the unprecedented aid in the Ukrainian conflict, destined to leave an international "echo" reaching far beyond the individual historical case and the aid sector alone. This book clarifies the evolving scenario of a conflict that, before tanks, had long been fought on the territory of aid. The author makes arguments about aid which can be traced back to three sets of issues: 1. Ukraine's history from its independence in 1991 until the war in 2022, that witnessed the evolution of inter-state aid sent to Kyiv. This period anticipated the geo-political dispute over the country's future, and was marked by confrontation between Donors who would later become the protagonists of the war scenario. 2. The exceptionality of the Ukrainian case is discussed by specifically identifying eight peculiarities of wartime aid: the response speed of Western Bilateral Donors; the leading role and primacy of the latter over the non-governmental sector; the key influence exercised by the Ukrainian recipient; the quantity and diversification of aid involved; Russia's conversion of aid into hybrid weapons (Weaponization of Aid); the West's provision of weapons as primary aid (Aidization of Weapons); the excessive anticipation of post-war planning initiatives; and sanctions modeled to represent a new form of aid. 3. Based on these peculiarities, a new model of Interventionist Aid is defined, characterized by a willingness to take an active part in the crisis in which the Donors operate, in order to condition its course and outcome. By preferring tactical purposes to humanitarian ones, and prioritizing military and financial interventions, Interventionist Aid represents an absolute conceptual, political and historical novelty in inter-state aid. At the domestic level, future World Order based on Interventionist Aid highlights the risk of a growing political delegitimization connected with negative narratives of Post-Democracy Aid. Meanwhile - at the international level - a World War Aid is forecasted: a global scenario of belligerent actions fought on a broad spectrum, with aid being used by Donor states to fuel real proxy military confrontations. A highly original take on a key event of the 21st century, World War Aid is an invaluable text for political scientists, analysts and historians of international relations, as well as diplomats and practitioners of foreign policy and foreign aid"--