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Examines the volatility characterizing Australia civic debate. Focus is on community debate during four significant historical periods: (1) 1840s-early 1850s when the colonies agitated for self-government & republicanism flourished briefly; (2) late 1880s-1890s, when a second-generation republicanism gave way to discussion of the Commonwealth; (3) 1960s, when Australia experienced a cultural reappraisal; & (4) 1980s-1990s. While there have always been sycophants at work in the debate, those with an imperial glint in their eyes, attention is given to their counters, citizens keen on articulating a distinctive Australian consciousness. J. Zendejas

Chronicles the history of Australian Antarctic exploration beginning with James Cook's 18th-century voyages on the Southern Ocean. Although exploitation of the Antarctic's resources began immediately following Cook's exploration, the first definitive sighting of the continent occurred in 1820, & it was not until the turn of the 20th century that actual exploration of the land mass began. Australia was involved from the very start in the exploration & mapping of Antarctica, & the efforts of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition are detailed. While WWI is credited with having galvanized Australian national identity, it is argued that the heroic work of the AAR ought to have a more prominent place in the emergence of Australia's national consciousness. 2 Figures. J. Zendejas

Argues that the racialized Aboriginal citizen recognized in the Australian Constitution is no way a curative for the absence of the Aborigine for the first 60 years of the 20th century. Contending that Australian nationhood was founded on racism, the history of this tradition is traced. Much attention is given to chronicling Aborigine disenfranchisement & citizenship & the constitutional, legislative, & legal dimensions of this. In light of the persistent inferior status of Aboriginal Australians, a call is made for formal racism to be excised from the Constitution & that the pre-existing Aborigine nations be recognized. J. Zendejas

Examines the role of women in Australia & abroad, focusing on women involved in world opera & concert after 1870 & the manner in which they presented Australia to the world. Discussion is situated in the context of Stephen Castles's (1990) idea that Australia lacked any particularly pre-eminent defining moment of national consciousness & that women's roles in any national development were subordinated to that of the "common man." Much attention is given to the pre-eminence of the diva Nellie Melba as a significant dimension of Australian cultural history & her successor Amy Castles. These two figures brought to light tensions between the Protestant & Catholic sectors of Australian society. Also considered is the idea of the British & non-British caste of Australian culture. In closing, it is suggested that the pre-eminent moments that Castles claims were absent in Australia's history may very well have been present in a different manner & that the common woman (as opposed to any diva) had as much to do with it as the common man. J. Zendejas

Explores the philosophical preliminaries underpinning a green theory of value as the core moral vision of a green political party. The general idea of a theory of value, ie, theory of The Good, is explicated. Theories of value are classified according to three distinct bases: consumer satisfaction (capitalist or neoclassical welfare economic); labor inputs (Marxist); & natural resource inputs (green). In contending that the value of natural resources is seen to lie in the fact of their having a history of having been created by natural vs artificial (human) processes, the green theory of value is seen to be a manifestation of a process- & a history-based theory of value. Attention turns to examining why there is more value in something generated via a natural process than an artificial one, suggesting that natural products are the yield of "something larger than ourselves." Humanity's position in nature is considered in terms of two objections to the green theory of value: (1) It would reduce down to the neoclassical welfare economic theory of value. (2) Any separation between humanity & nature is artificial. Each is countered with a series of propositions, which are then applied to the Australian case in conclusion. J. Zendejas

An analysis of the development of Australian national identity in the context of European history & Asian geography illustrates the roles identity can play in a complex regional setting, especially in relation to constructions of security. Conventional security studies are said to be shaped by notions of elite security & privilege that squelch other imaginings of community. It is contended that community is a site of political contestation & a result of power struggles. The "realist-speak" of conventional international relations & security studies has neglected issues of identity & culture surrounding colonization, anticolonialism, & postcoloniality. "Realist speak" deploys but almost never interrogates racialized international identities that are critical to understanding national identity, security, & danger. The evolution of Australia's relations with Asia is traced to point out that immigration into Australia has become re-racialized & foreign policy remilitarized, particularly in the context of the US-led war on terror. The potential for a vigorous politics of identity to move toward more inclusive & emancipatory accounts of security is discussed. J. Lindroth