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Children; Turkey; social conditions; history

1961 Anayasası'nın yürürlüğe girmesini takip eden süreçte sol/sosyalist fikirler görünürlük kazanmıştır. 1960'ların ilk yarısında örgütlenme faaliyetlerine yoğunlaşan sol çevreler Anayasanınkazanımlarının korunması, planlı kalkınma hedefinin gerçekleştirilmesi ve toplumsal eşitsizliklerin merkezi politikalarla giderilmesi konusunda benzer fikirlere sahip olmuştur. Eğitim sisteminin yeniden yapılandırılması bu hedeflere ulaşabilmenin ön şartlarından biri olarak düşünülmüştür.Bu çalışmada 1961-1965 arasındaki dönemde sol/sosyalist siyasetin eğitim başlığını hangi ekonomi politik bağlamda ve hangi temel başlıklar altında ele aldığı incelenecektir. Sözü edilen amaca uygun olarak Yön Dergisi'ne, TİP çevresinin çıkardığı Sosyal Adalet Dergisi'ne TİP'in ve CHP'nin parti programı, bildiri ve seçim beyannamelerine, gazete arşivlerine başvurulacaktır. Türkiye solunun eğitime yüklediği misyon, planlı kalkınma, anti-emperyalizm ve sosyal adalet gibi dönemin sık başvurulan kavramları etrafında tartışılacaktır. Eğitim sistemindeki ABD etkisine ve anti-komünizm uygulamalarına karşı tepkilere, Köy Enstitülerinin yeniden açılması taleplerine, halkçı eğitim tartışmalarına yer verilecek, bu dönemde yükseköğretime dair sorunların sol/sosyalist dergilerde ve partilerde nasıl ele alındığı incelenecektir.

Conservatism; Turkey; political sociology; 20th century

Abstract The roots of anti-communism and conservative family ideology are well-founded aspects of national education in Turkey as a reflection of the country's joining the U.S-led Western bloc during the Cold War and the ideological as well as educational policies of the bloc at the end of the 1940s. When the Democrat Party (DP) came to power in Turkey in 1950, it pursued a program that synthesizes capitalist development, liberal economic rights and conservative values. In a context where anti-Communism became the state's official policy, the increasing role of religion in education and the tightening control in schools appeased the political and ideological concerns of the DP government. Looking at these measures was crucial not only to understand the major changes that took place in the Turkish education system but also to analyze the social and political dynamics of the entire period. This article aims to find answers to the following questions: "How did Turkey's childhood policy evolve in the 1950s? Which ideological values and tools were used effectively in this process?" What were the differences and imilarities between the U.S educational policies and the practices of the Turkish government with regards to education? In order to answer these questions, we will ponder the role of anti-Communism in education together with the role of experts from America in designing the education system in Turkey. Subjects such as religious education, schooling, educational institutions, and anti-Communism that played a role in the political construction of childhood will be analyzed. Debates in the Turkish parliament, comments in newspapers, and journals such as Yeni Okul, Forum, and İlk Öğretim (New School, Forum and Primary Education), published for educators, are the main sources used in this research.

Introduction. - Part I: Politics of Hegemony. - 1 The Long Road to the Constitution of Neoliberal Hegemony in the Political Sphere: A Periodization of the post-1980 Period, by smet Akça. - 2 Class and State in Post-1980 Turkey: The Rise of the Neoliberal Authoritarian State Form, by Ahmet Bekmen. - 3 The Struggle for Hegemony Between Turkish Nationalisms in the Neoliberal Era, by Güven Gürkan Öztan. - 4 The Davuto lu Doctrine: The Populist Construction of the Strategic Subject, by M. Sinan Birdal. - 5 The Three-Faceted Kurdish Policy of AKP: Tenders to the rich, alms to the poor, bombs to the opposition, by rfan Aktan. - 6 The Media in Turkey: From Neoliberal Militarism To Authoritarian Conservatism, by Uraz Ayd n. - 7 We'll Come and Demolish Your House." The Role Of Spatial (Re-)Production In The Neoliberal Hegemonic Politics Of Turkey, by Erbatur Çavu o lu and Julia Strutz. - Part II: Re-Or entat on(s) of the Soc al Quest on(s). - 8 The Transformation of Social Welfare And Politics in Turkey: A Successful Convergence of Neoliberalism and Populism, by Bar Alp Özden. - 9 Domesticity of Neo-liberalism: Family, Sexuality and Gender in Turkey, by Ece Öztan. - 10 The Deradicalization of Organized Labor, by M. Görkem Do an . - 11 Flexible and Conservative: Working Class Formation in an Industrial Town, by F. Serkan Öngel. - 12 The Rise of The Islamic Bourgeoisie and the Socialisation of Neoliberalism: Behind The Success Story of Two Pious Citiesm, by A. Ekber Do an and Yasin Durak. - 13 Neoliberal Hegemony and Grassroots Politics: The Islamist and Kurdish Movements, by Erdem Yörük