EVALUATION OF UKRAINE INTEGRATION IN WORLD TRADE ; ОЦЕНКА ИНТЕГРИРОВАННОСТИ УКРАИНЫ В МИРОВУЮ ТОРГОВЛЮ ; ОЦІНКА ІНТЕГРОВАНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ У СВІТОВУ ТОРГІВЛЮ
The article proves that under current conditions of the spread of globalization processes foreign trade is an important component of the functioning and development of each country in the world, since no state is capable of ensuring its sustainable development without building an effective system of economic relations with economies of other countries. The aim of the article is to assess and analyze the integration of Ukraine into global trade. The Enabling Trade Index (ETI), its structure by subindexes (A – market access, B – border administration, C – infrastructure, D – operating environment) and indicators included in them are considered. The dynamics of the ETI by individual countries of the world and by subindexes is analyzed. It is determined that during 2008-2016 almost all the countries under study except for Ukraine and Russia improved their position in the ranking to a certain extent, which is an evidence that the trading potential increased in most of the selected countries. The comparison of the ETI and assessment of the stability of market access by individual countries of the world by subindexes and their components are carried out. There built the profile of Ukraine in terms of the ETI subindexes for 2016, based on which it is determined that the country had significant trade problems related to its access to foreign markets, low availability and quality of the transport infrastructure and deterioration in the business climate. An indepth analysis of indicators of the ETI subindexes is performed. On its basis, it is determined that in Ukraine the key dimensions, namely, access to markets (internal / external one), border administration (efficiency and transparency of administration procedures), infrastructure (logistical support), operating environment (business climate) are in an unfavorable state. In 2016, the ETI of Ukraine declined indicating that the national economy was not competitive in foreign markets, which was mainly explained by the lack of economic freedom, appropriate national legislation that would guarantee the legitimacy of doing business, as well as by poor quality of the transport infrastructure. The assessments of trade facilitation in 2016, proposed by WEF experts, are considered. Based on the research carried out in the article, it is proved that, in general, the state of foreign trade in Ukraine is unsatisfactory, and a high result of openness of the economy is observed only in terms of accessibility to the domestic market, however, this creates additional risks for the economic security of Ukraine. It is substantiated that a low ETI, non-compliance with modern requirements for trade facilitation will not contribute to the inclusion of Ukraine in global value chains or lead to distorted options for such inclusion. ; Статья посвящена оценке и анализу интегрированности Украины в мировую торговлю. Рассмотрена структура и особенности построения индекса вовлеченности в международную торговлю. Проанализирована динамика рейтинга вовлеченности национальных экономик к международной торговле по отдельным странам мира в целом и по субиндексам (А – доступ к рынку, В – пограничная администрация, C – инфраструктура, D – деловой климат). Построен профиль Украины по показателям субиндексов индекса вовлеченности в международную торговлю. Проанализированы проблемы международной торговли в Украине. ; Статтю присвячено оцінці та аналізу інтегрованості України у світову торгівлю. Розглянуто структуру та особ- ливості побудови індексу залученості до міжнародної торгівлі. Проаналізовано динаміку рейтингу залученості національ- них економік до міжнародної торгівлі по окремих країнах світу загалом та по субіндексах (А – доступ до ринку, В – при- кордонна адміністрація, C – інфраструктура, D – діловий клімат). Побудовано профіль України за показниками субіндексів індексу залученості до міжнародної торгівлі. Проаналізовано проблеми міжнародної торгівлі в Україні.