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"Neither Here Nor There." The Experience of Borderless Nation in Contemporary Dominican-American LiteratureDiscussing migrant identities, critics very often focus on the state in-between, the state between the borders, or being neither here nor there, and a migrant group that seems to epitomize this in-between condition is the Dominican-Americans. Consequently, the article seeks to examine the experience of in-betweenness, of being suspended between the boundaries and borders of two countries in selected texts of contemporary Dominican-American writers: Junot Díaz's novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao and a short story "Monstro," and Angie Cruz's Soledad. It aims to analyze how the texts discuss the experience of in-betweenness through hybridity (for instance intertextuality and magical realism) with the use of tools offered by the neo-baroque esthetics. "Ani tu, ani tam". Doświadczenie narodu bez granic we współczesnej literaturze dominikańsko-amerykańskiejAnaliza tożsamości imigrantów często skupia się na byciu pomiędzy, egzystowaniu między granicami, a także braku przynależności do żadnej z kultur. Grupa, która wydaje się uosabiać ten stan, to migranci z Republiki Dominikany w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje temat doświadczenia bycia pomiędzy, zawieszenia pomiędzy granicami i między dwoma krajami w wybranych tekstach współczesnych pisarzy dominikańsko-amerykańskich: powieści Krótki i niezwykły żywot Oscara Wao i opowiadania "Monstro" Junota Díaza oraz powieści Soledad Angie Cruz. Celem artykułu jest analiza doświadczenia bycia pomiędzy wyrażanego poprzez hybrydę, czemu służą narzędzia oferowane przez estetykę neobarokową, a także poprzez intertekstualność i realizm magiczny.

EU–U.S. PRIVACY SHIELD AFTER A COLLISION IN THE "SAFE HARBOUR". THE SCOPE OF PRIVACY PROTECTION AFTER THE JUDGEMENT IN THE C-362/14 SCHREMS CASETransfer of personal data is an essential element of the transatlantic trade relationship, because the EU and the United States are for each other the most important trading partners. Data transfers increasingly form an integral part of their commercial exchanges. The Court of Justice of the European Union ruling of 6 October 2015 in case C-362/14 Schrems reaffirmed the importance of the fundamental right to the protection of personal data, as enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, including the situation when such data are transferred outside the EU. In the wake of the hereinabove judgement the transatlantic data transfer has been regulated anew. European Commission has launched EU-U.S. Privacy Shield in order to ensure stronger protection for transatlantic data flows. This article aims to analyse the importance and results of the above-mentioned judgement.

Abstract
The Catholic Church – though in popular opinion it is sometimes treated as a stronghold of conservatism, traditionalism, suspicion of progress and novelty, it changed significantly in the second half of the 20th century and continues to change its attitudes, especially in terms of the use of social communication and attitude to the media mass. The Church's growing openness to media relations and the use of a rich instrumentation of social communication has become one of the reasons for the growing popularity of market orientation among the clergy and active believers, which opens opportunities for the development of the concept of a specific sectoral marketing formula of church marketing. In this article the authors search for the causes of the progressive phenomenon of the marketization of religion, present examples of the activities of the Polish Catholic church, inscribed in the church marketing trend, as well as define the negative consequences resulting from its dissemination. The applied research method is based on the literature analysis and case studies analysis.

Purpose: The theoretical purpose of this study was to determine the essence of smart specialisation in local administrative units, together with the identification of its impact on the level of entrepreneurship and socio-economic development of spatial units. The empirical purpose was to indicate the relationship between the level of development of intelligent organisations (IO) in counties and the degree of entrepreneurship intensity. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper uses the method of literature studies, the standardised sums method, the weighted correlation method and cartographic analysis. Findings: Intelligent specialisation in a local administrative unit (LAU) can contribute to the development of entrepreneurship and accelerate the socio-economic development of the area. Investment attractiveness is more important for stimulating the development of entrepreneurship than intelligent organisation in local administrative units at the county level in Poland. Practical Implications: Results of the research can be used by local administrative units to shape the development strategy of an intelligent organization as well as of a smart specialisation. They can provide valuable practical guidance and synergies. Originality/Value: The paper identifies key features of the smart specialization strategy. The paper defines the intelligent organizations development level index in local administrative units of the county level in Poland in 2018 based on a set of variables. A method of constructing typologies of local administrative units is based on indices determining the level of intelligent organization, investment attractiveness and entrepreneurship. The methodological concept can be used to assess the level of development of IOs in taxonomic units of different levels in different countries. ; peer-reviewed

Purpose: The theoretical purpose of this paper is determining the essence of an intelligent organization (IO) in a local administrative unit (LAU) including identification of benefits and risks for local development connected with the development of IO in LAU. The practical purpose is presenting a concept of methods to identify the development level of IO in LAU. Design/Methodology/Approach: The work method is literature studies. In addition, two methods of evaluating the level of development of IO in LAU are proposed. The article makes use of statistical methods based on the vector of standardized sums. Findings: It is found that literature lacks a generally accepted definition of IO in LAU and many features characteristic of the development of IO in LAU are identified. The development of IO in LAU is a source of many benefits to local development, but it is also connected with the occurrence of some risks. The study proposes a set of features describing IO including their scoring. The paper also propose an indicator of the level of development of IO in LAU2 in Poland (municipality) in 2018 based on a set of variables (IO LAU2). Research has shown a positive correlation between the level of development of IO in LAU and the level of urbanization, investment attractiveness and economic growth. Practical Implications: The results of studies can be used by LAU for designing the strategy of developing an intelligent organization. They can provide valuable practical guidance about the type of activities to be implemented to ensure that LAU can evolve into IO. Originality/Value: The work proposes a definition of IO in LAU. Two methods of evaluating the level of development of IO in LAU are put forward. The first method allows pre-selection of LAU in terms the level of development of IO based on data available in public statistics. The next stage of the study can use the criteria of summary evaluation of the level of development of IO in the LAU, proposed in this work, according to a percentage scale. The presented methodological concept is universal – it can be used to evaluate the level of development of IO in taxonomic units at different levels and in different countries. ; peer-reviewed

Due to ongoing processes of globalization and internationalization, the enterprises localization selection is multi-aspect and multi-stage process. Therefore, there is a need for new solutions application, or at least modification of localization management methods. This paper presents an attempt of an application of modified McKinsey matrix for spatial analysis using an original concept of regional strategic groups. Regional strategic groups are the clusters of regions similar as regards sector attractiveness, as well as competitive position or potential. The aim of this elaboration is presentation of an application possibilities and limitations of regional strategic groups in strategic options management on the example of automotive industry enterprises operating in the regions of the European Union NUTS 2 level. The elaboration constitutes the proposal of an application of investment attractiveness of the regions valuation for an analysis of strategic options in global enterprise management. It was demonstrated during the research that an analysis of regional strategic groups may be applied in strategic management both from the position of the regions as well as the enterprises localized on their area. Application limitations of the method discussed include inter alia difficulty in reflecting of real inter-regional relations on NUTS 2 level and presentation of statistical data according to enterprises head offices not their actual deployment. Keywords: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.28.1.7799