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Translation of text which appeared in Pravda, Oct. 22, 1947.

Measuring the value of human capital (HC) of an enterprise is traditionally, on the one hand, the key task of managing the human resources potential of a business, and on the other hand, it is a difficult task that has not found its correct solution yet. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to develop an approach that allows us to rank the methods for measuring the HC of an enterprise in terms of reliability of the obtained results. To achieve this goal, a methodological approach was used, based on a comparative analysis of existing practices for measuring HC, grouping these procedures according to key features, and followed by ranking the formed groups based on parameters that determine the adequacy of the estimates obtained.As the analysis has shown, it is advisable to use the features of the indicators used for calculation as criteria for typing existing methods for measuring HC. These characteristics included the following options for initial data: investment; current indicators; return on investment. In order to determine the methods that provide the best reliability of the obtained results, such methods were distributed on the basis of features that characterize the reliability of the primary data. As a result, we formed an approach that made it possible to rank typical methods for assessing the value of the enterprise's HC from the standpoint of the reliability of displaying the area under study, which distinguishes this method from other existing procedures. At the end of the work, the ways to increase the HC of an enterprise are proposed, taking into account the preferences of active workers, in particular, and their attention to ensuring the wellbeing of employees by the employer.

Based on the comparative analysis methodology in its case study form, this article examines the origins, the design, and the consequences of territorial arrangements in Italy, i.e. a country in which settling the stateness problem coincided with the process of post-authoritarian transformation. This experience particularly the pacted transition (although it was not explicitly pronounced in Italy despite the fact that the state never witnessed any post-war anti-fascist lustration of bureaucracy) was later used as an example for the Spanish model of democratic reforms, which in turn became paradigmatic. This article traces the long-lasting impact of the historic bloc between the industrial bourgeoisie of the Italian North and the landlords of the Italian South (Mezzogiorno) that contributed to the conservation of the socioeconomic backwardness of the latter. Special attention is given to the influence of the structural constraints of international bipolarity that laid down the external framework of the so-called "Italian anomaly", that is, the lack for almost half a century left-wing and right-wing political parties' alteration in power. This anomaly delayed Italian regionalization despite its having been envisaged in the constitution. However, the objective socioeconomic demands of a welfare state created possibilities for the birth of regions in the early 1970s. The emergence of the Northern League gave a new dimension to Italian politics by radically reshaping its traditional structures. These developments, taken together with the cleansing of a corrupted Italian political class, the referendum of 1993, and the new electoral law ultimately caused the demise of the First Republic.