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This article discusses some key areas for international child policy. Which reason dilemma exists in the situation of children? To what extent can they live and how these basic dilemmas are affected by politics? I present two opposites in the vision on childhood, a utilitarian vision that looks at childhood as a preparation on a growing up: 'Mr. Grad Grind', taken from a character in a novel by Dickens, and a romantic vision that emphasizes on childhood as a value itself, 'Emile' taken from a debate book of Rousseau. Different varieties of child policies are then placed in tension between these poles through the rest of the article. Adapted from the source document.

- ; Why do some children voluntarily join while other children are forced to join military organization in situations of conflict, and why do the organizations recruit them? How is the actual number of children determined? These are the questions raised in this paper. To address them the author draws on results and ideas from three independent lines of research; One dealing with child labour in general, another with the study of conflicts and the third with children's decision-making powers based on child psychology.

- ; During the first decade after markets became the major mechanisms of economic coordination in China and the area of the former Soviet Union (FSUA), corruption was perceived to increase in both. At the same time China experienced rapid growth while most countries in FSUA experienced steep declines. In the paper I argue that this difference is difficult to explain within an n-country, cross-section econometric framework. Instead a case-oriented approach with more institutional specification is chosen. In particular, the role of the former normative and institutional framework of central planning is explored. The paper describes some of the explanations of corruption as it occurred under central planning, including its limitations and how they may be linked to (negative or positive) growth mechanisms. In addition the posttransition data on corruption and growth are linked to major political characteristics at the point of transition.

- ; Corruption has become a fashionable subject the last decade or so. The decades before it was neglected, and the phenomenon itself has been around as long as large-scale organisations. One reason for large shifts in emphasis is the lack of precise knowledge about corruption, particularly at elite level. That admits different views. When both social scientists' and politicians' perceptions are interrelated large shifts may be expected. By comparing the major corruption indexes such as Transparency International's Corruption Perception Indexes to an earlier attempt to expand precise knowledge for policymaking, I argue that they are unable to supply the knowledge needed. The difficulty in gaining information about elite corruption is illustrated by means of simple game theory.

This paper explores the different strands of literature that deal with child labour in sub-Saharan Africa. Public reports as well as the social science and some of the NGO literature are discussed. It is argued that the behaviour of families and households is crucial both at the demand and supply end for the most of the child labour observed in sub-Saharan Africa. (DSE/DÜI)