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This research is motivated by the phenomenon related to PAI lecturer performance that is not optimal yet. The government has issued policies to improve the quality of lecturers as an effort to improve the quality of education through the improvement of welfare. However, conditions in the field show that some lecturers who have received the professional allowance have not shown any significant performance improvement. Some lecturers who have very good competence sometimes not followed by high performance, this is reflected from the results of the lecturer's performance.The purpose of this research are: (1) to know the level of competence and performance of lecturers of PAI in Padang city (2) to analyze efforts to improve the performance of PAI lecturers in Padang city (3) to find the level of competence influence on PAI lecturer performance in Padang city.This research is a quantitative type with survey method and correlational approach. The population is PAI lecturers at state universities in the city of Padang totaling 30 people. The sampling technique is total sampling. Data collection techniques used were the dissemination of questionnaires, documentation and literature study. While the data analysis technique used is the normality test Kolmogorof Smirnov method. Test validity using Product Moment Pearson correlation formula. Test reliability using Alpha Cronbach and processing analysis using SPSS version 15.The research findings are: (1) the actual condition of PAI lecturer competence in public universities in Padang city is generally quite good (TCR = 3,93 / 5,00 or = 76,98%) whereas actual condition of teaching performance of lecturer PAI lecturers at state universities in Padang city were in good condition (TCR = 3.81 / 5.00 or = 69.64 %). (2) The efforts to improve the performance of PAI lecturers according to the authors include: Planning the development of lecturer's performance, organizing lecturer performance assessment, conducting lecturer performance assessment with sustainability, supervising the performance of lecturers as well as following up the results of lecturer performance assessment. (3) there is a significant positive correlation between lecturer competence and lecturer performance of 22,3 %, meaning competence contribute to lecturer performance.Suggested to the lecturers of PAI to improve the competence to produce performance as expected. The various parties who have responsibility to improve the performance of lecturers are expected to give attention to the increased competence of PAI lecturers in order to give a significant influence in order to improve the quality of national education.

The purpose of this study was to determine the State Civil Administrative Work Motivation in the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University Tadulako. The theory used as a reference is the motivation theory of Frederick Herzberg, This study was descriptive with qualitative approach gained from in-depth interviews. The location of research at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. The informants as much as 7 (seven) employees with data sources include primary data and secondary data and data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis using descriptive data analysis model with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the motivation of employees, already well into the implementation of excellent service although there are some that have not been maximized, but the employees are motivated to work to serve the community in accordance with their respective duties because of a desire to provide services to the maximum in accordance expressed Herzberg is a motivator consists of achievement, recognition, work, responsibility and progress while the success factor is the relationship between superiors, engineering supervision, administrative policies, salary/wages and personal life. However, they still lack the motivation of some employees to earn achievements.

The military is an independent political player in Pakistan. The armed forces are more organized than most of civilian institution and are characterized by their centralization, hierarchy, discipline and inter-communication. After the creation of Pakistan the newly born state was faced with numerous problems. In such a difficult situation, the military proceeded with full determination to face the challenges. On the other hand, political leaders were so busy with their power politics that they hardly had time to enforce the civil supremacy. Similarly, politicians failed in solving problems. Army supported any government determined to maintain law and order situation. Thus their influence increased in the non-professional fields. They run the civil administration directly. From the very inception military played a key role in national politics. Ultimately they became the policy makers of Pakistan under the cover of martial law.

Tourism and Social Change in Post-Socialist Zanzibar examines how Zanzibaris are struggling to move through the local landscape in the post-socialist era dominated by tourism. Using the theoretical framework of movement, this book highlights how Zanzibaris move and develop various dispositions to re-articulate their identities. This book also investigates how notions of ustaarabu, a word expressing "civilization" in Zanzibar, are being re-conceptualized and shaped by emerging forces of

First published in 1980, this groundbreaking Routledge Revival is a reissue of an original and authentic anthropological account of Pukhtun society by Professor Akbar Ahmed. Combining extensive fieldwork data collected among the Mohmand tribe in the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan with historical and literary sources, Professor Ahmed's study seeks to construct an ideal-type model of Pukhtun society based on the ideal Code of the Pukhtuns and to analyse the conditions of its maintenance and transformation. The author's thesis is that this ideal model exists within Pukht

First published in 1976, this Routledge Revivals reissue presents an analysis of the Swat Pathans, the people of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan, who belong administratively to Pakistan despite being a fiercely independent group, with their own codes and ways of life. Akbar S. Ahmed, who knows the Swat Pathans well through his family connections, presents a clear and sophisticated analysis of their complex society. The study provides an anthropological and critical re-examination of the ethnography of the Swat Pathans and the author suggests specific alternative models of social o