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Latin America has shown an increment in litigation before the international Court of Justice (ICJ) in cases related to territorial and maritime delimitation disputes. The ICJ has been their 'natural' jurisdiction thanks to broad competence clauses included in regional dispute settlement treaties such as the Pact of Bogotá. As a consequence of this increased litigation and the variety of results attained in judgements by the ICJ defining boundaries and sovereign rights around Latin America, a strange behaviour has become common place between the litigating States when they are not pleased with the result. Several Latin American States have opposed their constitutions to the ICJ judgements, invoking a particular constitutional clause, common in the regional historic embrace of the uti possidetis iuris principle, known as the 'constitutional territory clause'.

The article analyzes the non-appearance before the International Court of Justice motivated by the turbulent reception by the Colombian Government of the 2012 and 2016 sentences of the I.C.J in the cases between Nicaragua and Colombia, with the objective of establishing the consequences of such conduct. Methodologically, the jurisprudence that has applied Article 53 of the Statute, and the different consequences of nonappearance in cases before the Court are studied. Through an analysis of jurisprudence the document discusses the nature of non-appearance, its effects on the sentence, the agents, the applicable law, the evidence and the procedure, to conclude that, although non-appearance is a behavior allowed to the State Parties, it is in general detrimental to its procedural interests, its defense of the case and the administration of international justice as a system, especially in such technical cases as those related to maritime delimitation and liability in relation to alleged violations of sovereign rights and maritime spaces. © 2017 Universidad de Caldas.

Reconociendo la relevancia que tienen las comisiones históricas en el diseño de las relaciones cívico-militares en escenarios de posconflicto, el documento identifica las diferentes posturas que el informe de la Comisión Histórica en Colombia contiene respecto al rol de las Fuerzas Militares en el conflicto, evidencia sus consecuencias y narrativas y resalta las posibilidades y preocupaciones que pueden derivarse de narrativas que condenen a las Fuerzas Militares y afecten su capital simbólico y su legitimidad ; By recognizing the relevance of Historical Commissions in the design of civil- military bonds in post-conflict scenarios, this document identifies the different positions that the His-torical for the Conflict in Colombia's report has developed about the role of the military forces in the conflict. Likewise the document puts its efforts to evidence its consequences and narra-tives and to enemphasize the possibilities and (concerns that may arise from lectures of the con-flict that wrongfully condemn the military forces and affect their legitimacy and symbolic capital.

This case note analyses the jurisdictional, procedural and substantive implications of human rights duties in the context of environmental protection as devised by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in its Advisory Opinion OC-23/17 of 15 November 2017 concerning State obligations on the environment, in the context of the rights to life and to personal integrity. © 2019 John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA.

El presente documento recopila, describe y analiza el recorrido del reciente proceso de negociaciones del Gobierno colombiano con la Guerrilla de las FARC, desde sus inicios, la primera versión del acuerdo, su plebiscito, la victoria del No y las propuestas de modificación, hasta la nueva versión del mismo. Desde el análisis de coyuntura y distintos enfoques teóricos, el documento analiza los aportes de distintos movimientos sociales para solidificar un mejor acuerdo de paz, y los retos persistentes en su implementación.

Reconociendo la relevancia que tienen las comisiones históricas en el diseño de las relaciones cívico-militares en escenarios de posconflicto, el documento identifica las diferentes posturas que el informe de la Comisión Histórica en Colombia contiene respecto al rol de las Fuerzas Militares en el conflicto, evidencia sus consecuencias y narrativas y resalta las posibilidades y preocupaciones que pueden derivarse de narrativas que condenen a las Fuerzas Militares y afecten su capital simbólico y su legitimidad

El presente documento recopila, describe y analiza el recorrido del reciente proceso de negociaciones del Gobierno colombiano con la Guerrilla de las FARC, desde sus inicios, la primera versión del acuerdo, su plebiscito, la victoria del No y las propuestas de modifcación, hasta la nueva versión del mismo. Desde el análisis de coyuntura y distintos enfoques teóricos, el documento analiza los aportes de distintos movimientos sociales para solidifcar un mejor acuerdo de paz, y los retos persistentes en su implementación. ; This paper describes and analyzes the course of the recent negotiations between the colombian Government and the FARC guerrilla: its historical background that led to the frst version of the agreement, its plebiscite procedure, the victory of the "No" and the proposals for modifcation, to the New version of the peace agreement. From a case of study method and different theoretical approaches, the document analyzes the contributions of different social movements to solidify a better peace agreement, and the persistent challenges in its implementation.

This paper describes and analyzes the course of the recent negotiations between the Colombian Government and the FARC guerrilla: its historical background that led to the first version of the agreement, its plebiscite procedure, the victory of the "No" and the proposals for modification, to the New version of the peace agreement. From a case of study method and different theoretical approaches, the document analyzes the contributions of different social movements to solidify a better peace agreement and the persistent challenges in its implementation. ; El presente documento recopila, describe y analiza el recorrido del reciente proceso de negociaciones del Gobierno colombiano con la Guerrilla de las FARC, desde sus inicios, la primera versión del acuerdo, su plebiscito, la victoria del No y las propuestas de modificación, hasta la nueva versión del mismo. Desde el análisis de coyuntura y distintos enfoques teóricos, el documento analiza los aportes de distintos movimientos sociales para solidificar un mejor acuerdo de paz, y los retos persistentes en su implementación.

El presente artículo analiza la no comparecencia ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia, motivado por la turbulenta recepción del gobierno colombiano de las sentencias de 2012 y 2016 de la C.I.J en los casos entre Nicaragua y Colombia, con el objetivo de establecer las consecuencias de tal conducta. Metodológicamente, se estudia la jurisprudencia que ha aplicado el artículo 53 del Estatuto y las distintas consecuencias de la no comparecencia en los casos ante la Corte. Mediante un análisis de jurisprudencia, el documento discute la naturaleza de la no comparecencia, sus efectos en la sentencia, los agentes, el derecho aplicable, la evidencia y el procedimiento, para concluir que, aunque sea no comparecer sea un comportamiento permitido a los Estados Partes, es en general, perjudicial para sus intereses procesales, su defensa del caso y la administración de la justicia internacional como sistema, especialmente en casos tan técnicos como los relativos a delimitación marítima y responsabilidad en materia de alegadas violaciones a derechos soberanos y espacios marítimos. ; The article analyzes the non-appearance before the International Court of Justice motivated by the turbulent reception by the Colombian Government of the 2012 and 2016 sentences of the I.C.J in the cases between Nicaragua and Colombia, with the objective of establishing the consequences of such conduct. Methodologically, the jurisprudence that has applied Article 53 of the Statute, and the different consequences of nonappearance in cases before the Court are studied. Through an analysis of jurisprudence the document discusses the nature of non-appearance, its effects on the sentence, the agents, the applicable law, the evidence and the procedure, to conclude that, although non-appearance is a behavior allowed to the State Parties, it is in general detrimental to its procedural interests, its defense of the case and the administration of international justice as a system, especially in such technical cases as those related to maritime delimitation and liability in relation to alleged violations of sovereign rights and maritime spaces.

By recognizing the relevance of Historical Commissions in the design of civil- military bonds in post-conflict scenarios, this document identifies the different positions that the Historical for the Conflict in Colombia´s report has developed about the role of the military forces in the conflict. Likewise the document puts itsefforts to evidence its consequences and narratives and to enemphasize the possibilities and concerns that may arise from lectures of the conflict that wrongfully condemn the military forces and affect their legitimacy and symbolic capital. ; Reconociendo la relevancia que tienen las comisiones históricas en el diseño de las relaciones cívico-militares en escenarios de posconflicto, el documento identifica las diferentes posturas que el informe de la Comisión Histórica en Colombia contiene respecto al rol de las Fuerzas Militares en el conflicto, evidencia sus consecuencias y narrativas y resalta las posibilidades y preocupaciones que pueden derivarse de narrativas que condenen a las Fuerzas Militares y afecten su capital simbólico y su legitimidad

UNDERLINES: This article analyses the applicability of sources of international law and principles of law in investment arbitration, through the well-known reversal of foreign investment arbitration tribunals in ICSID, in terms of applicable law, with particular regard to a period of change between 2000 and 2010 between the Wena Hotels (2000-2002) and Total (2010) awards, the trend of which extends so far in ICSID, where courts increasingly decide to apply to investor-state disputes the various sources of public international law and general principles of law, beyond private instruments, both in original proceedings and in annulment proceedings. The article discusses the possibility of applying international law as the main rule in ICSID proceedings, the application by ICSID courts of both international customs in the field of international State liability, international principles to give substance to substantive guarantees and investor protections and remedies granted by awards. ; RESUMEN: El presente artículo analiza la aplicabilidad de las fuentes del derecho internacional y los principios de derecho en el arbitraje de inversiones, por medio del notorio vuelco de los tribunales arbitrales de inversión extranjera en el CIADI, en materia de derecho aplicable, con especial atención a un período de cambio entre 2000 y 2010 entre los laudos Wena Hotels (2000-2002) y Total (2010) cuya tendencia se extiende hasta la actualidad en el CIADI, donde los tribunales cada vez más deciden aplicar a las controversias entre inversionista y Estado las distintas fuentes de derecho internacional público y los principios generales del derecho, más allá de los instrumentos privados, tanto en procedimientos originarios como en procedimientos de anulación. El artículo analiza la posibilidad de aplicar el derecho internacional como norma principal en los procedimientos ante el CIADI, la aplicación por parte de los tribunales del CIADI tanto de costumbres internacionales en materia de responsabilidad internacional del Estado, de ...

While International Humanitarian, Refugee and Human Rights Law are frequently resorted to in the search for remedies for human rights violations, the Public International Law remedy of Diplomatic Protection is often forgotten, perhaps because there are few cases fitting the legal requirements for that remedy. The Venezuelan expulsions and property confiscations in 2015 and 2017 of Colombian residents without due process and, frequently, with violence may provide a useful example of an appropriate case for Diplomatic Protection arising within the context of a forced expulsion of an identifiable nationality. The following article, result of a research project regarding international law enforceability, reviews the current law on Diplomatic Protection and, within the context of a factual survey of the treatment of Colombian nationals by Venezuela, undertakes an analysis as to whether the facts of the case in fact give rise to a remedy of Diplomatic Protection. Effectively, the article argues in favour of the availability of this remedy as an option for the Colombian government.