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Abstract: This is a statement published by the Asian American Feminist Collective in August 2020 against the creation of an Asian hate crime task force in the New York City Police Department. Signed by other local New York City and national organizations, this statement highlights ways that the task force will not make communities safer, but instead put communities (especially the most vulnerable) at greater risk.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Highlights -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of Economy and Trade -- 3 Participation in Global Value Chains -- 4 Specialization and Competitiveness -- 5 Special Topics -- The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation -- Agglomeration -- The COVID-19 Shock -- 6 Conclusion -- Appendixes -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Executive Summary -- 1 Overview of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Sector -- Role in Economic and Social Development -- Women in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises -- Access to Finance -- Assessment of Shortfalls and Opportunities -- 2 Key Stakeholders in Lending -- 3 The Role of the Banking Sector in Lending -- 4 Overview of the Microfinance Sector -- Introduction -- Regulatory Framework and Prudential Requirements -- Market Participants and Market Shares -- Financial Performance -- Portfolio Structure -- Average Microloan Size -- Products and Interest Rates -- Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- Microfinance Market Development -- Technical Assistance -- Appendixes -- 1 Participating Microfinance Organizations -- 2 Statistical Data -- 3 Microfinance Organizations Recommended for Participation in ADB's Sovereign Loan Program -- 4 Key Microfinance Organizations -- Futher Readings.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Case Study, Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- 1 Overview -- Introduction -- Importance, Nature, and Architecture of Regional Cooperation and Integration in Asia and the Pacific -- Multilateral Development Banks as Valuable Partners for Regional Cooperation and Integration -- Regional Cooperation and Integration and COVID-19 -- The Joint Multilateral Development Bank Report -- References -- 2 Innovating and Strengthening Cross-Border Collective Action -- Highlights -- Introduction -- Immediate Response to the COVID-19 Emergency: Benefits of Cross-Border Collective Action -- Planning for Mutually Beneficial Transition -- Cross-Border Collective Action for Recovery -- Key Lessons -- The Way Forward -- References -- 3 Quality Regional Connectivity -- Highlights -- Introduction -- Trade and Connectivity Resilient through the Pandemic but Challenges Remain -- Quality Infrastructure for Trade and Supply Chains -- Infrastructure and Net Zero Transition -- Green, Resilient, and Inclusive -- References -- 4 Inclusive Trade, Investment, and Migration -- Highlights -- Introduction -- Trade and Inequality -- Investment and Inequality -- Migration and Inequality -- Policies to Promote Inclusive Trade, Investment, and Migration -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Regional Approaches to Support Air Pollution Management in South Asia -- Background -- Air Quality Management in South Asia -- Conclusions -- Annex: Methodology -- References -- 6 Multilateral Development Banks as Key Partners in Promoting Regional Cooperation and Integration -- Highlights -- How Multilateral Development Banks Promote Regional Cooperation and Integration -- Recovering from the Pandemic -- Key Messages and Policy Recommendations -- References -- Closing.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Highlights -- I. Introduction -- An Enhanced Framework for Measuring Regional Cooperation and Integration -- Trends in Regional Integration in Asia and the Pacific -- Looking Forward -- References -- II. About the Asia-Pacific Regional Cooperation and Integration Index -- Evolution of the ARCII Framework -- Methodology Overview -- Interpretation -- References -- III. Measuring Regional Integration through the Enhanced ARCII Framework -- Key Findings and Results of the Enhanced ARCII Framework -- Main Trends in Dimensional Indexes -- Contribution to ARCII Dimensional Indexes by Indicator -- Regional Integration by Income Level -- Comparison of the Baseline and Enhanced ARCII Estimates -- Index Customization -- References -- IV. Balancing ARCII Downsides: Sensitivity Analysis and Robustness Checks -- Denominator Choice in ARCII Indicators -- Selection of Regional or Worldwide Normalization -- Regionalization Bias -- Spatial Autocorrelation Bias in ARCII Estimates and Correction -- Spatial Dependence: Why Does It Matter? -- References -- V. Conclusions and Way Forward -- Possible Extensions and Applications -- References -- Appendixes -- 1. Explanatory Note on the ARCII Framework -- 2. Dimensional Weights and Overall ARCII Estimates by Economy -- 3. Supplementary Information on Alternative Indicators.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Laying the Foundations -- 3. Enhancing Environmental Protection and Ecological Conservation -- 4. Transforming the Rural Economy -- 5. Developing Green Livable Cities -- 6. Investing in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation -- 7. Taking the Partnership Forward -- Appendix -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Author Profiles -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- 1. Ensuring Inclusive Growth in Navigating Growth in the Lao PDR -- Introduction -- Three Decades of Economic Growth and Structural Change in the Lao PDR -- Sectoral Competitiveness in a Resource-Rich Developing Economy -- Growth in Agriculture and Tourism: Potential Linkages -- The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Agriculture and Tourism Sectors -- Overview of the Report -- 2. Agriculture's Contribution to Inclusive Growth in the Lao PDR -- Agriculture as a Driver of Inclusive Growth -- Relevant Agricultural Policies and Strategies that Shaped the Sector -- Agricultural Systems and Land Farmholdings -- Stature, Achievements, and Key Challenges in Agricultural Production in the Lao PDR -- Linkages between the Agriculture and Tourism Sectors in the Lao PDR -- Conclusion -- 3. Navigating Growth in Lao PDR Tourism -- Global Tourism Context -- Tourism in Southeast Asia -- Tourism in the Lao PDR -- Conclusion -- 4. Exploring Linkages between Tourism and Agriculture in the Lao PDR -- Introduction -- Tourism Clusters in the Lao PDR -- ADB Tourism Enterprise Surveys (2019 and 2020): Survey Design -- Conclusion -- 5. Fostering Inclusive Growth in the Lao PDR: The Roles of Tourism and Agriculture -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- I. Summary -- II. Trends -- III. What Could Go Wrong? -- A. Financial Distress -- B. Market Distortions -- IV. Risk-Measurement, Sources, and Mitigants -- A. Financial Risk -- B. Business and/or Financial Decisions and Risk Management -- C. Country Risk -- D. Management Capacity -- E. Corporate Governance -- V. Additional Resources -- Appendix: Suggested Guidelines for Assessing Risk in the Commercial Financing of State-Owned Enterprises.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Boxes -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- I. Rationale for a New Strategic Framework -- A. Changing Subregion -- B. The Greater Mekong Subregion Program Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Analysis -- II. Vision and Mission Statement -- III. Innovative Approaches -- A. Harnessing the Digital Revolution -- B. An Enhanced Spatial Approach to Development -- C. A Deeper Dialogue on Policies and Regulation, Underpinned by Knowledge-Based Solutions and Capacity Building -- D. Embracing Private Sector Solutions -- E. The Greater Mekong Subregion Program as an Open Platform -- F. Greater Mekong Subregion Program Results Framework -- IV. Pillars of the Strategy -- A. Community -- B. Connectivity -- C. Competitiveness -- D. Other Areas of Cooperation -- V. Institutional, Programming, and Monitoring Arrangements -- A. Institutional Strengthening -- B. Strengthened Programming, Monitoring, Coordination, Partnerships, and Financing.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- I. Purpose -- II. COVID-19 Impact -- III. Greater Mekong Subregion National Recovery Plans -- IV. Response and Recovery Plan for COVID-19 -- V. Pillars of the Plan -- Pillar 1 - Protecting Lives-A One Health Approach -- Pillar 2 - Protecting the Vulnerable and Poor -- Pillar 3 - Keeping Borders Open and Accelerating Inclusive Economic Activity -- VI. Implementing the COVID-19 Response and Recovery Plan -- Appendix: List of Projects Supporting the GMS COVID-19 Response and Recovery Plan, 2021-2023.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Abbreviations -- Highlights -- Introduction -- The Core of the Digital Economy: A Proposed Framework -- Defining the Core of the Digital Economy -- Hardware -- Software Publishing -- Web Publishing -- Telecommunications Services -- Specialized and Support Services -- Evolution of Digital Products and Industries through Time -- Measurement Framework -- Deriving Gross Domestic Product in Terms of Leontief Inverse Coefficients -- Disaggregating Gross Domestic Product across Users and Suppliers of Value-Added -- Quantifying the Digital Economy in a Two-Industry Economy -- Quantifying the Digital Economy in a Simple Three-Industry Economy without Capital Formation -- Integrating Gross Fixed Capital Formation of the Digital Economy in a Three-Industry Economy -- Quantifying the Digital Economy in an n-Industry Economy -- The Core Digital Economy Equation -- Methodological Requirements -- Supply and Use Tables and Input-Output Tables -- Uniformity Across National Tables -- Disaggregating Products and Industries -- Construction of the Multiregional Input-Output Tables with Digital Sectors -- Limitations of the Framework -- Digital Economy Estimates -- Contribution of the Digital Economy to Gross Domestic Product in Developing Economies -- Declining Prices and Increasing Productivity of Core Digital Products -- The Digital Economy as a Supplier and User of Goods and Services -- Varying Concentration of the Digital Economy across Digital Subsectors -- Impact of Sector Linkages of Digital Sectors -- The Digitally Dependent Economy -- Identifying Digitally Enabled Sectors Using Forward Linkages -- Emergence of E-Commerce and E-Government in a Majority of Economies -- Digitally Disrupted Sectors -- Increasing Overall Direct Digital Dependence among Economies.