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Highlights struggle between US federal agencies that operate at the intersection of law enforcement and intelligence gathering in the post cold war era, in light of the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro affair. Separation of foreign intelligence and counterintelligence activities, risk to civil liberties, investigate and exculpatory dissemination, and the BNL investigation.

ONE OF THE MAIN PLANKS OF GOVERNMENT POLICY UNDER MRS. THATCHER WAS PRIVATIZATION. THIS HAS BEEN CONSISTENTLY PURSUED ON A VARITY OF FRONTS IN ENGLAND, WALES AND SCOTLAND. IN NORTHER IRELAND, HOWEVER, IT HAS BEEN APPPLIED IN A SLOWER MANNER, DESPITE THE ALLEGEDLY UNITARY CHARACTER OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A CASE STUDY AS AN EXPLORATION OF SOME OF THE FACTORS INVOLVED, REVOLVING AROUND THE PRIVATIZTION OF THE LOCAL ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY AND HOW THIS RELATED TO THE DISCOVERY OF COMMERCIALLY VIABLE SOURCES OF LIGNITE IN NORTHERN IRELAND.

THIS IS AN INTRODUCTION FOR A COLLECTION OF ESSAYS WHICH ARE CONCERNED WITH THE IMPACT OF THE TWIN PROCESSES OF DEMOCRATIZATION AND MARKETIZATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN A NUMBER OF COUNTRIES FROM THE FORMER SOVIET BLOC. THERE ARE THREE ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS WHICH ARE INVESTIGATED; 1) THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT; 2) THE EXPRESSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL INTERESTS; AND 3) THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT POLICIES.

Burgeoning citizenship rates in the past five years are attributable to an increased propensity to naturalize among more recent cohorts from developing countries, particularly from Latin America. We evaluate the intention to naturalize for a key subgroup of Latin American immigrants: those who adjusted to legal status via the main legalization program of the 1986 Immigration Reform & Control Act (IRCA). We merge 3,117 responses from the 1989 & 1992 waves of the Legalized Person Survey (LPS) with a data set we have constructed on characteristics of the 83 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in which the respondents resided. We then estimate the probability of an LPS respondent expressing the intention to seek US citizenship. Our analyses indicate that social capital repertoires, measured as linkages to a variety of home & host country institutions, have significant effects on the likelihood that Latin American immigrants intend to become US citizens, with capital & social investments in sending communities reducing those intentions, & capital & social investments anchored in the US enhancing naturalization aspirations. While financial & social investments in the home country reduce the odds of intending to naturalize for IRCA beneficiaries, financial & social connections to the US are substantial & facilitate the plan to become US citizens. These aspirations are further facilitated by the ways in which Latin American immigrants are situated in geographic space in metropolitan US communities. 2 Tables, 27 References. Adapted from the source document.

Objective. We explore the increase in citizenship applications in the mid-1990s to test popular explanations for them, eg, the consequences of IRCA legalization, fear of loss of public benefits, & effects of citizenship outreach programs. Methods. We rely on a nonrandom sample of 526 lawful permanent residents in four TX cities. About 50% had applied for citizenship & all were taking affirmative steps via participation in citizenship or English-language classes. Results. Having received amnesty under IRCA predicts rapid application for citizenship on eligibility but is not associated with greater mastery of the naturalization process or better English skills. Fear of losing eligibility for public benefits & campaigns promoting naturalization motivated about 25% of citizenship applicants. Much larger proportions cite their desire to participate fully in American life, to sponsor the immigration of relatives, & to ensure opportunities for their children. The main obstacle they identify is limited English proficiency. Conclusions. Although factors peculiar to the political environment of the 1990s affected many permanent residents, most cited traditional incentives having to do with investment in opportunities for themselves & their families. Our data suggest that the most effective way to facilitate naturalization is to devote more resources to English-language training. 5 Tables, 40 References. Adapted from the source document.

Montgomery County, Maryland was the first major jurisdiction to pass a law requiring smoke detectors in all homes. Smoke detector coverage in the county was evaluated five years after the law's implementation and compared to the coverage in neighboring Fairfax County, Virginia, which has no such law. Firefighters visited 651 randomly selected owner-occupied homes and tested each detector. While a similar percentage of homes in Montgomery and Fairfax counties complied with detector codes (42 per cent vs 44 per cent, respectively), Montgomery County had a significantly lower percentage of homes with no working detectors (17 per cent vs 30 per cent) and with no detectors at all (6 per cent vs 16 per cent). In general, Montgomery County residents complied with what they believed the law required, but lacked knowledge of the law's details. New homes where building codes required detectors and homes where owners assumed that detectors were required by law were likely to have working detectors. Analyses of 12 years of fire data suggest that as a county approaches complete detector coverage, the risk of residential fire deaths decreases. An essentially unenforced law seems to be obeyed because it conforms to community values.