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Observers have expressed concern that Chinese mining companies operating in Latin America are violating labor and environmental standards to a greater extent than other foreign mining companies. Critics point to one operation in particular –Shougang Hierro Peru– as evidence of China's threat to Latin America's workers and environment. Indeed, Shougang has experienced a far higher rate of strikes than other foreign firms. Many observers have assumed that Shougang's strike problem stems from an inevitable culture clash between Peruvian unions and Chinese management. In fact, union relations remained positive for years, until Shougang lost funding when its parent company suffered a crisis back in China in 1995. I argue that the strike problem stems largely from Shougang's response to its 1995 funding crisis: it burnt its bridges with the unions to save money. Some have suggested instead that Shougang has suffered more strikes because it has a far worse record on labor safety and environmental protection. In fact, new Peruvian government data show that Shougang's labor and environmental record is not significantly worse than that of other foreign firms. The most similar American firm, Doe Run Peru, has fewer union problems despite worse labor and environmental standards. I argue that Doe Run Peru has maintained better labor relations by careful communication with its unions. This study refutes the idea that Shougang suffered from an inevitable China-Peru culture clash and highlights the importance of open dialogue with organized labor. ; Varios observadores han expresado preocupación acerca de que las compañías mineras chinas que operan en Latinoamérica se encuentren violando los estándares laborales y ambientales en mayor medida que otras compañías mineras extranjeras. Los críticos apuntan a una operación en particular–Shougang Hierro Perú– como evidencia de la amenaza que representa China para los trabajadores y el medio ambiente en América Latina. Efectivamente, Shougang ha experimentado un número mucho mayor de huelgas que otras firmas extranjeras. Muchos observadores han asumido que los problemas huelguísticos de Shougang provienen de un inevitable choque cultural entre los sindicatos peruanos y la gerencia china. En realidad, las relaciones sindicales se mantuvieron positivas por años, hasta que Shougang perdió financiamiento, cuando su compañía matriz sufrió una crisis en China en 1995. En este artículo, argumento que el problema huelguístico proviene principalmente de la respuesta de Shougang a su crisis de financiamiento en 1995: quemó puentes con los sindicatos para ahorrar dinero. Algunos han sugerido más bien que Shougang ha sufrido más huelgas porque tiene un récord mucho peor de seguridad laboral y protección ambiental. En realidad, datos recientes del gobierno peruano muestran que el récord laboral y ambiental de Shougang no es significativamente peor que el de otras firmas extranjeras. La firma norteamericana más similar, Doe Run Perú, tiene menos problemas huelguísticos, a pesar de sus peores estándares laborales y ambientales. Argumento aquí que Doe Run Perú ha mantenido mejores relaciones laborales gracias a una cuidadosa comunicación con sus sindicatos. Este estudio refuta la idea de que Shougang experimentó un inevitable choque cultural chino-peruano y destaca la importancia de un diálogo abierto con los trabajadores organizados.

AbstractSexuality is the most salient taboo informing many practices in Cibo, a Kurdish village located in Erzurum, Turkey. In this article, I explore the manifestations, permutations, and ramifications of sexual shame through gendered practices. My analysis manifests the complex matrices of the deployment of the practices. That is, the modesty code based on sexual shame emerges at once as an index of traditional, ethnic (Turkish vs. Kurdish) and sectarian (Sunni vs. Alevi) identity, a religious observance, an instrument to attain honor and status, an assertion of morality and virtue, and lastly as resistance to Turkish hegemony and the perceived urban objectification of women. I explore the nuanced ways in which rural Kurdish women assert agency and resistance and in doing so I complicate stereotypic images of "subjugated" rural Kurdish women in Turkey. True to a feminist tradition, I locate the expressed problems of these women not in an abstract category of patriarchy, but in the intersectionality of class, ethnicity, state, and discursive Islamic tradition.

¿Es el amor un fenómeno particularmente occidental y moderno o una experiencia universal? Este artículo argumenta que ambos enfoques yerran al tomar la atracción sexual como la característica esencial del romance, mientras que las experiencias históricas y personales tensionan la idealización de un otro particular. El amor romántico se define propiamente como una experiencia de trascendencia y se elabora en configuraciones culturales de tres tipos básicos. El primero se encuentra en sociedades jerárquicas e internamente competitivas donde el matrimonio es una cuestión política y las relaciones románticas son siempre adúlteras y a menudo no-sexuales; el segundo, en las sociedades individualistas, fragmentadas y fluidas adonde amor y matrimonio van juntos; el tercero, en sociedades desarmónicas altamente estructuradas, donde los lazos románticos entre los jóvenes son desechos por matrimonios arreglados. ; Is romantic love a particularly Western and modern phenomenon, or a universal experience? This article argues that both these approaches err in taking sexual attraction as the essential characteristic of romance, whereas historical and personal accounts stress idealization of a particular other. Romantic love is properly defined as an experience of transcendence and is elaborated in cultural configurations of three basic types. The first is in hierarchical and internally competitive societies where marriage is a political matter and romantic relations are always adulterous and often non-sexual; the second is in individualistic, fragmented and fluid societies where love and marriage go together; the third is in highly structured disharmonic societies where romantic ties between youth are severed by arranged marriages.

Volume€Seventeen of The Jewish Law Annual adds to the growing list of articles on Jewish law that have been published in volumes one to sixteen of this series, providing English-speaking readers with scholarly articles presenting jurisprudential, historical, textual and comparative analysis of issues in Jewish law.

Dealing with Jewish Law, this volume provides English-speaking readers with scholarly material. It contains seven articles that encompass legal, historic, textual, comparative and conceptual analysis, as well as a chronicle of cases of interest, and a survey of contemporary literature. It also covers suicide as an act of atonement in Jewish law.

Volume 15 of The Jewish Law Annual adds to the growing list of articles on Jewish law that have been published in volumes 1-14 of this series, providing English-speaking readers with scholarly material meeting the highest academic standards. The volume contains six articles diverse in their scope and focus, encompassing legal, historical, textual, comparative and conceptual analysis, as well as a survey of recent literature and a chronicle of cases of interest. Among the topics covered are: lying in rabbinical court proceedings; unjust enrichment; can a witness serve as judge in the same case?; Caro's Shulham Arukh v. Maimonides' Mishne Torah in the Yemenite community, the New Jersey eruv wards.

The volume contains ten articles, including a penetrating analysis of the application of Jewish price fraud law to the workings of the present-day marketplace. Diverse in their scope and focus, the articles address legal, historical, textual, comparative and conceptual questions. The volume concludes with a survey of recent literature on biblical and Jewish law, and a chronicle section, which discusses recent Israeli and American court cases involving issues where Jewish law is of particular relevance, thereby making the Annual a journal of record.

Conference held at Boston University, June 7-8, 1963. ; Mode of access: Internet.