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The past decade's rapid expansion of a global market for organic food has set powerful economic and political forces in motion. The most important dividing line is whether organic food production should be an alternative to or a niche within a capitalist mode of production. To explore this conflict the article analyzes the formation of a market for eco-labeled milk in Sweden. The analysis draws on three aspects: the strategy of agri-business, the role of eco-labeling, and the importance of inter-organizational dynamics. Based on archival studies, daily press, and interviews, three processes are emphasized: the formative years of the alternative movement in the 1970s, the founding of an independent eco-label (KRAV) in the 1980s, and a discursive shift from alternative visions to organic branding in the early 1990s following the entry of agri-business.

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Part I: Research design -- Chapter 2: Historical context -- Chapter 3: Capital and colonialism in theory -- Chapter 4: Previous research -- Chapter 5: Method and data -- Part II: Aggregate results -- Chapter 6: The rate of return on investment in Africa -- Chapter 7: Risk and return -- Part III: Regional studies -- Chapter 8: North Africa -- Chapter 9: West Africa -- Chapter 10: Central/Southern Africa -- Chapter 11: South Africa -- Part IV: Thematical studies -- Chapter 12: On the ground floor -- Chapter 13: Imperial profits -- Chapter 14: African mining in global perspective -- Chapter 15: Conclusion

In this article, we study the role that media plays during a speculative bubble on an emerging market, and in particular the London financial press's relation to the West African mining bubble of the early twentieth century. The focus is on the leading company in this sector at the time, Ashanti Goldfields Corporation. The London financial press lacked access to independent, reliable information on the ground, so it often failed to provide readers with relevant factual information. In some instances, the press might have even fueled the speculative cycles through the reporting it provided.

AbstractHistorical rates of return on investments have received increasing scholarly attention in recent years. Much literature has focused especially on colonies, where institutions have been argued to facilitate severe exploitation. In the present study, we examine the return on investments in an Asian colony, British Malaya, from 1889 to 1969 for a large sample of companies. Our results suggest that the return on investments in Malaya might have been among the highest in the world during the period studied. Nevertheless, this finding fits badly with theories of imperial exploitation and can only to a limited extent be explained by a higher risk premium. Instead, we argue that the main driver of the very high return on investments in Malaya was rather the substantial rise in global market prices of the output of the two main sectors of the Malayan economy, rubber and tin. The way that the process of decolonization unfolded in Malaya did, furthermore, not lead to any major nationalization of foreign-held assets, and did thereby not disrupt the return on investment in the region in the same way as decolonization did to the return on investment in some other colonies.