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The essay reviews the current-day implications of the democratic model. It argues that this model, particularly the Latin one, is subjected to important design failures, particularly the immoderate hegemony of political parties. Secondly, the author sketches the historical evolution of that model, with particular attention to the Spanish case, and shows the main constitutional and legal amendments that he estimates necessary in orden to attain the regeneration of the democratic pattern. ; El modelo democrático vigente, en especial el latino, adolece de un grave defecto de diseño: la excesiva hegemonía de los partidos políticos, sin cuya mediación –y mediatización– no es posible participar en la vida política. El autor traza la genealogía histórica del modelo partidocrático, con especial atención al caso español, y apunta las principales reformas constitucionales y legislativas que considera imprescindibles para conseguir una regeneración del modelo democrático.

In recent years, the mortality gap between Eastern and Western European countries is increasing. For this reason, several studies have recently been applied to analyze the differences in European mortality. In order to detect similar mortality groups, there is an urgent need to extend the current studies with spatial studies, which take into account the geographical location of countries, time and their interaction. This doctoral thesis aims to help public policies so that they can efficiently distribute resources, as well as actuaries, who develop life insurance and design pension plans. In this context, three main objectives are proposed. The first one focuses on how to standardize the crude mortality rate for comparisons between countries. The second is based on the presentation and application of a spatio-temporal methodology based on panel data to carry out the identification of significant groups of European countries with similar mortality over time. The third one deals with the proposal and adaptation of a spatio-temporal methodology to select the best spatial panel data model in order to correctly model spatial and temporal effects. The final model was validated using two measures of goodness of fit: the residual variance and the coefficient of determination. Finally, the routines to section the best spatial model were implemented in R. The detailed statistical methodology at the theoretical level is applied to mortality data from 26 European countries for a range between 0 to 110+ and a time range of more than 15 years. It is in our interest to apply and display this methodology in a free statistical software R and, therefore, within the reach of all. The work of this doctoral thesis is part of the research supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness in the project MTM2013-45381-P, "Longevity differences in the European Union: application of new methods for evaluation and analysis". ; En los últimos años, la brecha de mortalidad entre los países del este y del oeste de Europa está ...

resumenEn 1998 se cumplió el bicentenario de la muerte, a manos de la dominación otomana, del héroe y precursor de la revolución nacional griega. Este trabajo es un comentario crítico de su pensamiento político, en especial de su propuesta de «Nueva Constitución Política», que es una traducción adaptada, con pocas variaciones personales, de la constitución francesa de 1793 o constitución jacobina, fuertemente influenciada por el pensamiento democrático asambleario de RosseauPALABRAS CLAVEVELESTINLIS-CONSTITUCIÓN-NACIONALISMO-ROUSSEAUABSTRACT1998 marked the bicentennary of Rigas Velestinlis' death by the Otoman domination. This paper critically examines the political thought of the hero and forerunner of Greece's national revolution. In particular, his project for a «New Political Constitution». The document faithfully adapts that of the French Constitution of 1793: the so-called Jacobin Constitution, strongly influenced by Rousseau's direct democratic thoughtKEYWORDSVELESTINLIS-CONSTITUTION.NATIONALISM-ROUSSEAU

En este artículo exponemos el caso especial de la provincia de Mendoza en cuanto a su adecuación legislativa a la Convención Internacional de los Derechos del Niño. Metodológicamente, se trata de una investigación histórica por lo cual se utilizan herramientas de búsqueda, hallazgo y análisis de fuentes en documentos públicos y de archivo tanto como fuentes orales a través de testimoniantes claves. La provincia de Mendoza fue pionera al sancionar en 1995 la "Ley de menores de la provincia de Mendoza" con la cual derogaban la vieja ley de "Patronato y Tribunales de Mendoza" y se convierte de este modo en la primera provincia del país en adecuar su legislación a la CIDN. A partir de esta ley, Mendoza inició un proceso de transformación y adecuación estatal e institucional. Particularmente, nos detenemos en las modificaciones realizadas en el Poder Ejecutivo y Judicial. A partir del análisis realizado, concluimos que el período que fue desde 1995 hasta el 2005, se caracterizó por la coexistencia de ambas doctrinas de infancia, entre la "Protección Integral" y la "Situación Irregular", a la que se pretendía remplazar. ; Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

Rousseau has formulated not only a law of entropy in the Democratic Institutions, arranged it also with anacyclosis or traditional organic model, but founded as well an accurate theory on the sources of political corruption according an unceasing Dialectics between Citizen's General Will (public interest), Individual Will (particular interest) and, above all, Corporate Will (corporative interest). Likewise he fixed the more effective antidote against political corruption, consisting in a intensive civic & democratic educations of citizens, fit to render impossible all usurpation. References. Adapted from the source document.