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Being influenced by increasingly heightened global competition, companies are entering into partnerships with other companies, universities or public research institutions (PRIs) to leverage external competences to foster innovation. The search for partners and the management of cooperation itself are new challenges especially in terms of administering intellectual property rights. The paper highlights recent trends related to knowledge and technology transfer from public research and education to industry. It considers legislative initiatives to target industry engagement, new technology transfer office models, collaborative intellectual property (IP) tools, and initiatives to facilitate access to public research results.

This book helps readers understand how universities position themselves in the innovation landscape and the implications for national policies. It provides a scholarly discussion and best practice–based insights to help answer questions like: To what extent do funding and governance policies support activities within the knowledge triangle? How should policies for universities be designed in countries with different industrial and higher education structures? Are there ways to effectively link universities with regional enterprises and social actors? And finally, what are the new institutional models and best practices for overcoming obstacles to interaction, collaboration, and co-creation?