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Intro -- AIDS AND TUBERCULOSIS -- AIDS AND TUBERCULOSIS -- Contents -- Introduction: Preventing and treating tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. A worldwide public health challenge -- References -- Section One -- Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the liver in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV/HBV -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Our study -- Inclusion criteria -- Studies selection -- Data Abstraction -- Data Analysis -- Findings -- Effect of HAART in increasing ALT level -- Sub group analysis -- Publication Bias -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and persons with disability/intellectual disability -- Abstract -- Introduction -- HIV/AIDS and disability -- HIV/AIDS and intellectual disability -- Sexual behavior and prevention -- References -- Healthy Israel 2020: Objectives, targets, and evidence-based strategies to prevent tuberculosis and HIV infection in Israel -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) -- Current overview -- Specific concerns -- Economic analysis -- Objectives -- Developmental objective -- Interventions -- HIV and AIDS -- Epidemiology -- Objectives -- Developmental data objectives -- Interventions -- Overview -- Specific strategies and interventions -- Implementation -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Summative evaluation of a community mobilization program to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in HIV disease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Our study -- Intervention strategy -- Evaluation strategy -- Findings -- Impact Evaluation -- Outcome evaluation -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Health beliefs regarding latent tuberculosis among ethnic groups in Northeast Florida -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Our study -- Instrument.

Voyage vers un autre univers de santé : Exemple d'une approche transculturelle de problèmes de Santé Publique
Daniel CHEMTOB, Haïm ROSEN, Antoine LAZARUS
Ce travail est basé sur l'hypothèse suivante : si des autorités médicales occidentales veulent mettre plus efficacement en place des mesures de prévention auprès de populations migrantes originaires de pays en voie de développement, elles doivent développer des outils de communication culturellement appropriés et spécifiques à la transmission adéquate de ces messages de santé.
Une recherche-action interdisciplinaire (Santé Publique et Anthropologie médicale), d'une durée de cinq ans, a contribué à développer et à mettre en place un programme de prévention de l'hépatite B et du SIDA parmi les immigrants originaires d'Ethiopie vivant en Israël. Nous nous sommes basés sur des données de recherche épidémiologiques et anthropologiques. Les questions principales ont porté sur comment transmettre plus efficacement des concepts occidentaux de maladies à une population dont les représentations de la santé et de la maladie sont basées sur un modèle de santé traditionnel. Confrontés à ce défi, les auteurs ont tenté de pénétrer la « culture de l'Autre » et d'utiliser ce qu'ils en comprenaient dans les buts suivants : (1) clarifier pour les professionels de santé israéliens les représentations de la santé et de la maladie des patients Ethiopiens, et leurs proposer des outils pour une meilleure communication ; (2) identifier des valeurs et concepts essentiels et centraux de la culture éthiopienne afin de les utiliser comme outil de transmission d'un savoir médical utile aux immigrants éthiopiens.
Nous analysons dans cet article le contexte, la méthodologie et les principaux résultats de cette recherche interdisciplinaire, destinée au développement et à la mise en place d'un programme spécifique de prévention de « maladies transmissibles non visibles ».

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) in migrants is an ongoing challenge in several low TB incidence countries since a large proportion of TB in these countries occurs in migrants from high incidence countries. To meet these challenges, several countries utilize TB screening programs. The programs attempt to identify and treat those with active and/or infectious stages of the disease. In addition, screening is used to identify and manage those with latent or inactive disease after arrival. Between nations, considerable variation exists in the methods used in migration-associated TB screening. The present study aimed to compare the TB immigration medical examination requirements in selected countries of high immigration and low TB incidence rates. METHODS: Descriptive study of immigration TB screening programs. RESULTS: 16 out of 18 eligible countries responded to the written standardized survey and phone interview. Comparisons in specific areas of TB immigration screening programs included authorities responsible for TB screening, the primary objectives of the TB screening program, the yield of detection of active TB disease, screening details and aspects of follow up for inactive pulmonary TB. No two countries had the same approach to TB screening among migrants. Important differences, common practices, common problems, evidence or lack of evidence for program specifics were noted. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of common goals, there is great diversity in the processes and practices designed to mitigate the impact of migration-associated TB among nations that screen migrants for the disease. The long-term goal in decreasing migration-related introduction of TB from high to low incidence countries remains diminishing the prevalence of the disease in those high incidence locations. In the meantime, existing or planned migration screening programs for TB can be made more efficient and evidenced based. Cooperation among countries doing research in the areas outlined in this study should facilitate the development of improved screening programs. ; The study was funded by Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. The corresponding author has obtained approval from CIC to publish this paper. This paper represents the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of Citizenship and Immigration Canada, the Public Health Agency of Canada or the Government of Canada. This paper does not represent the views of any of the Governments or Ministries affiliated with the authors of this study and represents solely the views of the authors. Dr. S. Miyano contributed to the acquisition of the data and as such we feel he is entitled to authorship but, despite our extensive efforts, we were unable to contact him to approve the final content of this manuscript and his authorship. Therefore, we acknowledge his contribution here. ; Sí

This paper describes an action framework for countries with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence (<100 TB cases per million population) that are striving for TB elimination. The framework sets out priority interventions required for these countries to progress first towards "pre-elimination" (<10 cases per million) and eventually the elimination of TB as a public health problem (less than one case per million). TB epidemiology in most low-incidence countries is characterised by a low rate of transmission in the general population, occasional outbreaks, a majority of TB cases generated from progression of latent TB infection (LTBI) rather than local transmission, concentration to certain vulnerable and hard-to-reach risk groups, and challenges posed by cross-border migration. Common health system challenges are that political commitment, funding, clinical expertise and general awareness of TB diminishes as TB incidence falls. The framework presents a tailored response to these challenges, grouped into eight priority action areas: 1) ensure political commitment, funding and stewardship for planning and essential services; 2) address the most vulnerable and hard-to-reach groups; 3) address special needs of migrants and cross-border issues; 4) undertake screening for active TB and LTBI in TB contacts and selected high-risk groups, and provide appropriate treatment; 5) optimise the prevention and care of drug-resistant TB; 6) ensure continued surveillance, programme monitoring and evaluation and case-based data management; 7) invest in research and new tools; and 8) support global TB prevention, care and control. The overall approach needs to be multisectorial, focusing on equitable access to high-quality diagnosis and care, and on addressing the social determinants of TB. Because of increasing globalisation and population mobility, the response needs to have both national and global dimensions. ; SCOPUS: re.j ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This paper describes an action framework for countries with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence (<100 TB cases per million population) that are striving for TB elimination. The framework sets out priority interventions required for these countries to progress first towards "pre-elimination" (<10 cases per million) and eventually the elimination of TB as a public health problem (less than one case per million). TB epidemiology in most low-incidence countries is characterised by a low rate of transmission in the general population, occasional outbreaks, a majority of TB cases generated from progression of latent TB infection (LTBI) rather than local transmission, concentration to certain vulnerable and hard-to-reach risk groups, and challenges posed by cross-border migration. Common health system challenges are that political commitment, funding, clinical expertise and general awareness of TB diminishes as TB incidence falls. The framework presents a tailored response to these challenges, grouped into eight priority action areas: 1) ensure political commitment, funding and stewardship for planning and essential services; 2) address the most vulnerable and hard-to-reach groups; 3) address special needs of migrants and cross-border issues; 4) undertake screening for active TB and LTBI in TB contacts and selected high-risk groups, and provide appropriate treatment; 5) optimise the prevention and care of drug-resistant TB; 6) ensure continued surveillance, programme monitoring and evaluation and case-based data management; 7) invest in research and new tools; and 8) support global TB prevention, care and control. The overall approach needs to be multisectorial, focusing on equitable access to high-quality diagnosis and care, and on addressing the social determinants of TB. Because of increasing globalisation and population mobility, the response needs to have both national and global dimensions.