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The paper investigates the enormity of hitches tied to transiting from manual-based electoral systems to the electronic voting system and determine whether hurdles with the electronic voting system could be sufficient enough to prevent Nigeria from adopting it to enhance her democratic governance in the 21st century. This enquiry was prompted on the ground that there are mixed reactions from different individuals, scholars and societies that the Nigerian state is not ripe for electronic voting and as such may not be able to sustain it if it eventually steps into full adoption of electronic voting system. Therefore, they argue that the status quo ante should be maintained. However, available documentary evidence and cases drawn from other climes where electronic voting has been practised across the globe show that the cost-saving potential of electronic voting is limitless, it eliminates electoral frauds, votes are completed and submitted online, thereby saving ample time, it restricts movement, which eventually eliminates voter apathy caused by fear of violence, etc. On the other hand, most scholars are overwhelmingly inclined to the opinion that the electronic voting system is capable of exacerbating the digital divide as it is lopsided in affecting the turnout of certain groups of citizens. This implies that e-voting will favour only well-educated and wealthy people to the detriment of the downtrodden in the society. The paper however concludes that the Achilles' heel of transiting from manual to the electronic voting system identified are tangential and could be surmounted with the passage of time through sensitization and awareness creation.

The paper investigates the enormity of hitches tied to transiting from manual-based electoral systems to the electronic voting system and determines whether hurdles with the electronic voting system could be sufficient enough to prevent Nigeria from adopting it to enhance her democratic governance in the 21st century. This enquiry was prompted on the ground that there are mixed reactions from different individuals, scholars and societies that the Nigerian state is not ripe for electronic voting and as such may not be able to sustain it if it eventually steps into full adoption of electronic voting system. Therefore, they argue that the status quo ante should be maintained. However, available documentary evidence and cases drawn from other climes where electronic voting has been practised across the globe show that the cost-saving potential of electronic voting is limitless, it eliminates electoral frauds, votes are completed and submitted online, thereby saving ample time, it restricts movement, which eventually eliminates voter apathy caused by fear of violence, etc. On the other hand, most scholars are overwhelmingly inclined to the opinion that the electronic voting system is capable of exacerbating the digital divide as it is lopsided in affecting the turnout of certain groups of citizens. This implies that e-voting will favour only well-educated and wealthy people to the detriment of the downtrodden in the society. The paper however concludes that the Achilles' heels of transiting from manual to the electronic voting system identified are tangential and could be surmounted with the passage of time through sensitization and awareness creation.

Tourist industry is one of the most important drivers of sustainable national development, employment creation, and global economic activity in several ways, both direct and indirect. It is one of the world's fastest-growing sectors. It includes areas like the physical attractions such as falls and rocks, as well as wildlife-based attractions which including sports, parks, and fishing grounds, as well as cultural attractions likefestivals, arts and crafts; local, regional, and international sports; and business tourism, such as workshops, conferences, and meetings.However, the numerous tourism opportunities in Nigeria are not effectively tapped or remain underutilized.Hence, the paper investigates why tourism activities in Nigeria are not as active as obtained in other clime like Dubai. The paper draws data from primary and secondary sources, which includes the authors' close observation of events in the tourism operations in Nigeria and information obtained from textbooks, journals, newspapers, etc. After analysis of the data, it was found that tourism is critical to national development because it improves job prospects, eliminates societal hurdles, enhances the emergence of cultural revival, increases health therapy, augments balance of payments, and so on.However,the paper foundthat the slow progress in tourism sector in Nigeriais not unconnected with lack of aggressive measures to integrate ICT in her tourism sector.The tourism industry in Nigeria has been hampered by lack of support, investment, and political will to integrate ICT in tourism sector. As a result, this paper suggests, inter alia, that Nigerian governments pursue economic diversification via tourism,instead of relying largely on crude oil.The government should invest more in tourism ICT related infrastructures so as to establish a competitive travel and tourism industry.Nigeria can achieve this by seeking out investors and stakeholders withtechnological innovative ideas as obtainable in Dubai to be deployed to aid the development of tourism in the country.

The study was prompted by the abiding concern for the continuous existence of failed and abandoned projects in Gwagwalada Area Council of Abuja. The study investigates the extent to which funding, change of government, existing project monitoring mechanisms and workforce affect the implementation of rural development projects of the Council. Content and thematic analysis aided by Nvivo11was used for the analysis of the interview. Multiple regression was used for hypothesis testing. The finding indicates that the four (4) factors impacted the Area Council's implementation of rural development programs. However, the relative contributions of each factor differed in order of ranking. Change of government and funding, with standardized coefficients of (.414) and (.266), were found significantly responsible for the incidence of failed and discontinued projects in the Council. The study recommends project continuity for succeeding governments and that efforts to boost its Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) be scaled up.

In the general discourse on the local government system in Nigeria, two major influences are notable: the intervention of the military in politics, and the 1976 reform of local government. However, the 1979 constitution, which provided the legal framework for the 1976 reforms, plunged the local government system into a crisis of identity, and ever since local government in Nigeria has remained an idea in search of relevance. This paper examines both the inherent weakness of the constitutional foundation and the contradictions created by the 1976 reforms. Using a theoretical analysis, the paper finds that the combined effects of constitutional gaps and reform contradictions have rendered Nigeria's system of local government an unfortunate 'orphan', and that, lacking a strong constitutional foundation, local government in Nigeria has been subject to the whims of both state and federal governments. The paper argues that, despite numerous constitutional developments, current constitutional provisions for local government in Nigeria leave much to be desired. The recommendations to improve the system include that: local government should be given the status of a federating unit in the constitution, with its powers and functions clearly spelt out; the constitutionally mandated State Joint Local Government Account (SJLGA) should be abolished; and the constitution should be amended to create a chapter which guarantees the identity and autonomy of local government as a third tier of government.

In the general discourse on the local government system in Nigeria, two major influences are notable: the intervention of the military in politics, and the 1976 reform of local government. However, the 1979 constitution, which provided the legal framework for the 1976 reforms, plunged the local government system into a crisis of identity, and ever since local government in Nigeria has remained an idea in search of relevance. This paper examines both the inherent weakness of the constitutional foundation and the contradictions created by the 1976 reforms. Using a theoretical analysis, the paper finds that the combined effects of constitutional gaps and reform contradictions have rendered Nigeria's system of local government an unfortunate 'orphan', and that, lacking a strong constitutional foundation, local government in Nigeria has been subject to the whims of both state and federal governments. The paper argues that, despite numerous constitutional developments, current constitutional provisions for local government in Nigeria leave much to be desired. The recommendations to improve the system include that: local government should be given the status of a federating unit in the constitution, with its powers and functions clearly spelt out; the constitutionally mandated State Joint Local Government Account (SJLGA) should be abolished; and the constitution should be amended to create a chapter which guarantees the identity and autonomy of local government as a third tier of government.

This study attempted to determine the factors militating against effective social services administration and its unfolding empirical manifestations on the well-being of the rural dwellers in Gwagwalada Area Council in Abuja, Nigeria as well as its attendant effects on rural development. Based on the data generated from 200 respondents (rural residents and staff of the area council) using questionnaire, interview and personal observation, it was discovered that lack of involvement of the rural dwellers in decisions regarding the design and implementation of the social service programmes by the Council is one of the key factors. The paper recommends accordingly among others, that effective social services administration should reflect the wishes and aspirations of beneficiaries.