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In the discourse of the history textbooks used since 1931, the relationship between identity and otherness often tends towards the necessity of proving both the value and greatness of Turkish history and culture. Consequently, the whole historical narrative, and also the discourse on identity and the nationalist discourse, which very often make use of history in their argumentation, always present the Turks in a favorable light and in an emphasized role. This appears in several forms, particularly during a kind of reconstruction of the past using tenses expressing the unreal condition ("If the Turks had not existed… Islam could not have been saved", or "… the European Renaissance could not have taken place", etc.). Another noticeable form is the use of the word hizmet, ("service", "utility", helpfulness", "function") provided by the Turks. The word itself is helpful to fit the Turks in with "otherness", in the way of showing them in a good light in history. With regard to this notion, according to the narrative, wide groups of "others" often take advantage of the existence of the Turks: the whole mankind, the "free world", or the Muslim world, according to the time when the discourse was formulated.

Kaya, Ugur: Présentation. - S. 7-12 Kaya, Ugur: L'identité stratégique de la Turquie et la transformation des enjeux stratégiques turcs au Moyen-Orient. - S. 13-33 Dal, Emel Parlar: Entre précaution et ambition : le « néo-ottomanisme » de la nouvelle politique extérieure de l'AKP en question. - S. 35-58 Özdemirkiran, Merve: Les nouveaux acteurs des relations turco-irakiennes dans le contexte de la reconstruction de l'Irak : les hommes d'affaires de Turquie dans la région autonome kurde. - S. 59-72 Copeaux, Etienne: L'armée ou la charia ? Clivages et fractures à l'époque du gouvernement Refahyol (1996-1997). - S. 73-87 Groc, Gérard: L'AKP, un cocktail politique performant. - S. 89-106 Alparslan, H. Mine: Les structures du pouvoir interne au sommet des partis : l'exemple de la désignation des candidats aux élections législatives au sein de l'AKP et du CHP. - S. 107-124 Eskiizmirliler, Handan Soguk: L'armée turque en tant qu'acteur politique face à l'Union européenne. - S. 125-144 Çelenk, Ayse Aslihan: Europeanization and local democracy in Turkey : new actors or old power blocks?. - S. 145-158 Yankaya, Dilek: Opportunisme politique, européanisation économique et euroscepticisme islamique. Les aventures d'une association patronale islamique avec l'Europe. - S. 159-177 Kaliber, Alper: How Europe affects : Europeanization of civil society in Turkey. - S. 179-198 Özmen, Fazilet Ahu: L'identité alévie et l' « Ouverture Alévie » en Turquie. - S. 199-216 Demet Lüküslü: Attitude apolitique des jeunes en Turquie : une tactique pour éviter la polarisation?. - S. 217-229

Turkey has gone through significant transformations over the last century-from the Ottoman Empire and Young Turk era to the Republic of today-but throughout it has demonstrated troubling continuities in its encouragement and deployment of mass violence. In particular, the construction of a Muslim-Turkish identity has been achieved in part by designating "internal enemies" at whom public hatred can be directed. This volume provides a wide range of case studies and historiographical reflections on the alarming recurrence of such violence in Turkish history, as atrocities against varied ethnic-religious groups from the nineteenth century to today have propelled the nation's very sense of itself