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RESUMO Este artigo examina a ocorrência de "esquemas triangulares de comércio" na exportação de produtos químicos finos para o Brasil de outros países do Mercosul entre 1989 e 1992 e sugere possíveis medidas contrárias do governo. Mostra-se que o aumento repentino das importações brasileiras de produtos químicos finos do Uruguai corresponde a um esquema comercial "triangular" entre os dois países e um terceiro e sugere a adoção de regras de origem mais precisas do que as acordadas nas recentes negociações do Mercosul, permitindo ganhos da integração para acumular principalmente para os países membros.

El propósito de este artículo es analizar las iniciativas de integración que tienen por objeto la integración de los países de Suramérica, en el marco de una regionalización coherente, pero que al mismo tiempo pueden constituirse en problemas de seguridad regional. Centraremos nuestro estudio en la Amazonia y algunos proyectos de la Iniciativa para la Integración de la Infraestructura Regional Suramericana (IIRSA) que afectan a la región, así como en el análisis de algunos acontecimientos recientes del Eje Bolivia-Perú-Brasil.

The report examines recent trends in Croatia's in trade, productivity, innovation performance and policy governance framework, to help identify priorities for the development of the country's Smart Specialization Strategy, which is an ex-ante conditionality for access to the EU's Structural and Investment Funds over the 2014-20 programming period

The report examines recent trends in Croatia's in trade, productivity, innovation performance and policy governance framework, to help identify priorities for the development of the country's Smart Specialization Strategy, which is an ex-ante conditionality for access to the EU's Structural and Investment Funds over the 2014-20 programming period.

The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of trade liberalization on the Brazilian manufacturing industry over the 1989-96 period. To this end, a series of indicators is examined which shed light on the technical efficiency and allocational effects of the liberalization process. The results obtained suggest that the impacts were, in general, positive and consistent both with predictions of the studies of international trade and with patterns of Brazil's industrialization. Yet, they also point to a number of challenges to be faced by the state, particularly with regard to deficiencies that affect international interaction in manufacturing and that threaten the gains from trade. (Rev Econ Polit/DÜI)

This paper aims to offer a critical perspective regarding Brazil's border policies and its military presence. For decades, the Brazilian Armed Forces emphasized the 'Security and Development' doctrine as the solution to solve the many issues of the remote areas of the Amazon. In the late 1980's, even with the end of the Military Regime, such practices continued to dominate the agenda of policymakers. Nowadays, Brazil's young democracy faces new challenges regarding its 'brown areas', as O'Donnell theorized them. Our main goal here is to stress the lack of a critical thinking in the process of transformation of the regional reality. We evaluated the situation according to recent data gathered during several field trips in the Amazon region. The absence of a government presence, often pointed out as a strategic weakness by the military authorities, neglect the presence of various actors (population, NGOs, for example) committed to security. We argue that it is essential for the military to cooperate more with civilians, instead of militarizing the borders, to guarantee a safe presence for the population, and not only the security of a territory.