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Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Empresariales. Políticas Públicas ; The present research aims to analyze the effect of the Full-Time Schools Program on the level of learning achievement obtained by beneficiary students of telesecundarias in Querétaro during the period 2015-2017. The analysis has a Public Policy approach, it considers the Theory of Welfare Economics, which assumes that public programs must be designed with rationality and based on information; so that simultaneously, government interventions are improved and the level of social welfare is raised. The theory of perceptual restructuring was the reference to analyze the evaluation of learning, explained by transformations experienced in the face of adapted (relevant) and accepted. The applied methodology estimated a counterfactual by comparing the results between a treatment group and a control group, through the statistical technique called Differences in Differences (DD); and to verify the reliability of the results, econometric tests were applied. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, which indicates that the resources applied in the implementation of the PETC have not had an effect on learning. This implies that the program does not contribute to guaranteeing the right to quality education. Therefore, the redesign of the PETC is recommended by modifying its components, applying the cyclical sense of the Public Policy process, which will contribute to strengthening the National Educational Policy. ; La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el efecto del Programa Escuelas de Tiempo Completo en el nivel de logro de aprendizajes obtenido por estudiantes beneficiarios de telesecundarias en Querétaro durante el periodo 2015-2017. El análisis tiene un enfoque de Políticas Públicas, considera la Teoría de Economía del Bienestar, la cual supone que los programas públicos deben diseñarse con racionalidad y con base en información; para que ...

Summary: The translation of the Mexican national anthem into indigenous languages is a platform where complex intersections occur between education, expression of indigenous identity and Mexican nationalism, generating an inditial meaning that is disputed and negotiated in indigenous communities. The translation of a national anthem into an indigenous language also raises questions about the semi-otic techniques that have taught the desire to assimilate indigenous peoples to Mexican society, highlighting both language ideologies and power dynamics. In this text I describe the translation of the Mexican national anthem into the Chatina language of San Juan Quiahije, Oaxaca, Mexico. The translated anthem is fully deployed together with a comparative textual analysis of the translation. This is why I look at the new cultural meanings that emerge from the translation itself, as well as the impact and implications of instilling the national anthem in pre-school and primary schools. The study of this case shows that in order for indigenous languages to be genuinely hosted in Mexican society, the federal government must promote their use in public institutions such as schools. There is no doubt that such projects will be more successful when led by members of the same indigenous peoples. ; Resumen: La traducción del himno nacional mexicano a las lenguas indígenas funge como una plataforma donde ocurren complejas intersecciones entre la educación, la expresión de la identidad indígena y el nacionalismo mexicano, generando un significado indicial que es objeto de disputa y negociación en las comunidades indígenas. La traducción de un himno nacional a una lengua indígena también suscita cuestionamientos en torno a las técnicas semióticas que han profesado el deseo de asimilar a los pueblos indígenas a la sociedad mexicana, y hace resaltar tanto las ideologías lingüísticas como las dinámicas de poder. En este texto describo la traducción del himno nacional mexicano a la lengua chatina de San Juan Quiahije, Oaxaca, México. ...

Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Empresariales. Políticas Públicas ; The present research aims to analyze the effect of the Full-Time Schools Program on the level of learning achievement obtained by beneficiary students of telesecundarias in Querétaro during the period 2015-2017. The analysis has a Public Policy approach, it considers the Theory of Welfare Economics, which assumes that public programs must be designed with rationality and based on information; so that simultaneously, government interventions are improved and the level of social welfare is raised. The theory of perceptual restructuring was the reference to analyze the evaluation of learning, explained by transformations experienced in the face of adapted (relevant) and accepted. The applied methodology estimated a counterfactual by comparing the results between a treatment group and a control group, through the statistical technique called Differences in Differences (DD); and to verify the reliability of the results, econometric tests were applied. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, which indicates that the resources applied in the implementation of the PETC have not had an effect on learning. This implies that the program does not contribute to guaranteeing the right to quality education. Therefore, the redesign of the PETC is recommended by modifying its components, applying the cyclical sense of the Public Policy process, which will contribute to strengthening the National Educational Policy. ; La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el efecto del Programa Escuelas de Tiempo Completo en el nivel de logro de aprendizajes obtenido por estudiantes beneficiarios de telesecundarias en Querétaro durante el periodo 2015-2017. El análisis tiene un enfoque de Políticas Públicas, considera la Teoría de Economía del Bienestar, la cual supone que los programas públicos deben diseñarse con racionalidad y con base en información; para que simultáneamente, se mejoren las intervenciones de Gobierno y se eleve el nivel de bienestar social. La teoría de la reestructuración perceptual fue el referente para analizar la evaluación del aprendizaje, explicada por transformaciones experimentadas ante estímulos adaptados (pertinentes) y aceptados. La metodología aplicada estimó un contrafactual mediante la comparación de resultados entre un grupo de tratamiento y un grupo de control, a través de la técnica estadística denominada Diferencias en Diferencias (DD); y para comprobar la confiabilidad de los resultados se aplicaron pruebas econométricas. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre beneficiarios y no beneficiarios, lo que indica que los recursos aplicados en la implementación del PETC, no han tenido efecto en los aprendizajes. Lo anterior implica que el programa no contribuye a garantizar el derecho a una educación de calidad. Por lo anterior, se recomienda el rediseño del PETC modificando sus componentes, aplicando el sentido cíclico del proceso de Políticas Públicas, con lo que se contribuirá a fortalecer la Política Educativa Nacional.

Cicero's main philosophical interest is in practical philosophy. This interest stemmed from his legal career and from his political activity. As a result of his philosophy, Greek moral philosophy was received in Latin culture. Cicero is, in his life and his works, the refusal of the moral, anthropological and political nihilism. His ideas, very present in the moral and political philosophy of the Middle Ages, continue being a key for contemporary world views.

The aim of this research is the expose overnment actions to Mennonites in religion and economics. The document observes the public policy, as actions by the government to give economic life of society. Then the materials and methods, including review of other research, rescue information from a field journal of 391 pages, to understand the actions of the government with the Mennonite community. The findings on the government's actions with religion and the Mennonite economy, remind us of their origin, their constant migration of Holland to Mexico, specific strategies designed to Mennonites by the government in Chihuahua lives with the Mennonites. It is a relationship of mutual benefit. Mennonites seek to preserve their faith and government economic dynamics. ; Se exponen las acciones del gobierno para los menonitas en lo religioso y lo económico. El trabajo se divide en cuatro apartados. Para ello se aborda la perspectiva de las políticas públicas, entendidas como acciones implementadas por el gobierno en sus tres niveles para darle vida económica a la sociedad. Luego los materiales y métodos, que incluye la revisión de otras investigaciones, el rescate de la información de un diario de campo de 391 páginas, el surgimiento de expresiones y la relación de éstas para comprender las acciones del gobierno con la comunidad menonita. Los hallazgos sobre las acciones del gobierno con la religión y la economía menonita, nos remiten a su origen, su constante movilidad de Holanda hasta México, las estrategias específicas diseñadas para los menonitas por el gobierno con Chihuahua viven con los menonitas. Se trata de una relación de mutuo beneficio. Los menonitas buscan la preservación de su fe y el gobierno la dinámica económica. ; Apresentam-se as ações do governo para os menonitas nos aspectos religioso e econômico. O trabalho se divide em quatro seções. Para isso se aborda a perspectiva das políticas públicas, entendidas como ações implantadas pelo governo nos seus três níveis para dar vida econômica à sociedade. A seguir os materiais e métodos, que incluem a revisão de outras investigações, o resgate da informação de um diário de campo de 391 páginas, o surgimento de expressões e sua relação para compreender as ações do governo junto à comunidade menonita. As descobertas sobre as ações do governo com a religião e economia menonita, remetem-nos à sua origem, sua constante mobilidade de Holanda até o México, as estratégias específicas desenhadas para os menonitas pelo governo como Chihuahua vivem com os menonitas. Trata-se de uma relação de mútuo benefício. Os menonitas buscam a preservação de sua fé e o governo a dinâmica econômica.

The practical reinterpretation of positive law in the light of its originating principle, oriented to the common good, need neither be a dispensation from the law, nor a discrediting of the legislator, nor a judgment on the law itself, nor an interpretation of said law, but rather it is a virtue, i.e. that of epieikeia. This is made necessary by the fact that a law cannot refer rightly to all cases; in some cases it will fail, and thus the legislator writes the law to cover what occurs in the majority of the cases, without ignoring the fact that in certain cases there will be a failure of the law to apply. This is, according to St. Thomas, that which is contemplated by the epieikeia in order to reinterpret positive law in the light of natural law.