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The inheritance of the east-European autocratic system frozen up by the communist state was thawed after the regime change, the constitutional revolution, and its components began to be reactivated. "Liberal" and "conservative" have become stigmas in many parts of the world, in line with fascist, reactionary, rightist, bourgeois etc. The attempts to find historic predecessors did not favor an objective approach. There are no serious unbiased syntheses; the political poles of the constitutional revolution and the ensuing period have been described in terms of different conspiracy theories. Dénes establishes distance from the enemy images and their political idioms current in today's eastern Europe. Provides in depth exploration and analysis required for the portrayal of specific features of conservatism, its strategic vision, conceptual system, argumentation, assessment criteria and values. Price's memoir weaves complicated strands-his Viennese origins, campaigns to distribute Jewish refugees away from New York City, the special qualities of Midwestern Ohio life in the 1950s-and the contrasting patterns of adjustment by different generations in his family in the American landscape. As he traces the particular path of his own life, Price reveals a more universal story of adjustment, and the relationship between a marginal community and the drama of American citizenship

The inheritance of the east-European autocratic system frozen up by the communist state was thawed after the regime change, the constitutional revolution, and its components began to be reactivated. "Liberal" and "conservative" have become stigmas in many parts of the world, in line with fascist, reactionary, rightist, bourgeois etc. The attempts to find historic predecessors did not favor an objective approach. There are no serious unbiased syntheses; the political poles of the constitutional revolution and the ensuing period have been described in terms of different conspiracy theories. Dénes establishes distance from the enemy images and their political idioms current in today's eastern Europe. Provides in depth exploration and analysis required for the portrayal of specific features of conservatism, its strategic vision, conceptual system, argumentation, assessment criteria and values. Price's memoir weaves complicated strands-his Viennese origins, campaigns to distribute Jewish refugees away from New York City, the special qualities of Midwestern Ohio life in the 1950s-and the contrasting patterns of adjustment by different generations in his family in the American landscape. As he traces the particular path of his own life, Price reveals a more universal story of adjustment, and the relationship between a marginal community and the drama of American citizenship.

La faculté de lettres de l'Université Loránd Eötvös de Budapesta a connu, en mars 1969, un mouvement de contestation. Des cercles de la Jeunesse communiste, seule organisation légale des étudiants à l'époque, ont protesté contre une décision des organes centraux visant à sanctionner ceux qu'ils qualitifaient de « maoïstes ». Cela prit une telle ampleur qu'une assemblée générale étudiante fut convoquée ; Kádár en personne se rendit même sur le lieu de la contestation dès le printemps. Finalement l'affaire fut si bien étouffée que l'auteur dut faire preuve d'une grande persévérance pour trouver les archives et regrouper les témoignages épars. Cet épisode singulier de la fin des années 1960, marquée en Europe centrale par les crises polonaises de 1968 et 1970, ou tchécoslovaque de 1968, montre la proximité des désirs de changement au sein du système en place, et ses difficultés à y répondre. Mais la mémoire évanescente de l'événement indique aussi combien il est malaisé, depuis 1989, de comprendre cette fin des années 1960 en Hongrie.

AbstractThe present article reconstructs the ways the public and historiographical image of Lajos Kossuth, the central figure of the 1848–49 revolutionary tradition in Hungary, was negotiated during the last 150 years. Similar to the images of other founding fathers and national heroes in other cultures—such as Garibaldi, Piłsudski, Atatürk, Mazzini, Herzl, Masaryk, Bismarck, or Al. I. Cuza—the competing representations of Lajos Kossuth formed a central part of the political and scientific discourses throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In addition to the most common images of the cultic "father of the nation" and "national Messiah," one can encounter such different schemes of collective self-projection as the "overly emotive opposition politician," the "successful gentry," the nobleman "defending his class privileges," or the "inconsistent revolutionary." Arguably, these images to a large extent fit four political languages determining Hungarian public discourse in the given period, such as "conservative realism," ethno-protectionism, Marxist socialism, and communism. While these political languages were very different from each other, they were strikingly similar in the sense that they were built on strong enemy images. Consequently, analyzing their historical projections we can learn about the traumatic ways their adherents related to political modernity, manifested in visions of a fundamental enemy endangering the future of the community.

By freedom, classical liberals meant non-interference, independence from the state, the personal and proprietary liberty of the governed. It is negative freedom as the antithesis both to absolutism and anarchy. In the republican interpretations, the freedom of a free political community is made possible and guaranteed by the institutionalization of the liberty of the political community. Political liberty is the medium, stage and precondition for the freedom of its members. That, in turn, is conditional upon the readiness of its members to protect the liberty of their community and themselves, i.e. upon the virtue of the free citizen. In this article I engage with four different interpretations of both kinds of liberty concepts in different discourses of the 20th-century UK and US and 20th—21st-century Hungary.