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In the 1870s, a wide division emerged between the African populations of the eastern Cape Colony. The 'school people,' mostly Mfengu, & the 'blanket' or 'red people,' mostly Xhosa, were strictly divided. The 'school people' were characterized by their participation in the cash economy, formal education system, & the Christian religion. The 'blanket people' chose to adhere to the old traditions, rejecting the European lifestyle. As the 'school people' emerged in the society, identifiable leaders also emerged to represent them. One such leader, Elijah Makiwane, is portrayed in detail. Three aspects of his life are examined: (1) his participation in politics in the country, (2) his work as a minister in the Free Church of Scotland, & (3) his family history & education. P. Montgomery.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references and index. ; Papers originally presented as part of the Carter lectures on Africa at the University of Florida in 1987 and 1988. ; (Statement of Responsibility) edited by R. Hunt Davis, Jr.

Bates, Robert H.: Area Studies and Political Science : rupture and possible synthesis. - S. 123-131 Chege, Michael: The Social Science Area Studies controversy from the continental African standpoint. - S. 133-142 Davis jr., R. Hunt: For African Studies, race still matters. - S. 143-148 Guyer, Jane I.: Distant beacons and immediate steps : Area Studies, International Studies, and the disciplines in 1996. - S. 149-154 Kassimir, Ron: The internationalization of African Studies : a view from the SSRC. - S. 155-162 Nyang'oro, Julius E.: Funding African Studies in the twenty-first century. - S. 163-167 Robinson, Pearl T.: Local/global linkages and the future of African Studies. - S. 169-177 Stone, M. Priscilla: The remaking of African Studies. - S. 179-183 Watts, Michael: African Studies at the fin de siècle : is it really the "fin"? - S. 185-191 Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe: The perpetual solitudes and crises of African Studies in the United States. S. 193-210