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1. Germany - Israel : a prototypical political apology and reconciliation process / Stefan Engert -- 2. Germany - Poland : the ritualization of apology / Judith Renner -- 3. Poland - Germany : balancing competing narratives through apology / Judith Renner -- 4. Germany - Czech Republic : negotiating apologies / Judith Renner -- 5. Czech Republic - Germany : a pioneer apology / Judith Renner -- 6. Germany - Namibia : the belated apology to the Herero / Stefan Engert -- 7. Montenegro - Croatia : the pragmatics of apology / Michel-Andre Horelt -- 8. Serbia - Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina : different apology packages, different successes / Michel-Andre Horelt -- 9. France - Algeria : the double discourse of apology / Michel-Andre Horelt -- 10. Turkey - Armenia : from denial to excuse? / Stefan Engert -- 11. Japan - China and the two Koreas : the apologia syndrome / Stefan Engert -- 12. Indonesia - Timor-Leste : the common apology / Renate Strassner.

This book looks into the role and effects of public apologies in international relations. It focuses on two major questions - why and when do states issue apologies for historic crimes and how and under what conditions are these apologies successful in remedying conflictive relationships?In recent years, we have witnessed an unseen popularity of apologies, with numerous politicians, managers and clergymen being eager to apologise and atone for the wrong-doings of their countries or institutions. Public apologies, thus, are a new and highly interesting, while nevertheless still puzzling phenome.

Rule and resistance can no longer be understood in national contexts only. They both have transnationalised over the last decades. The scholarly discourse, however, still lags behind these developments. While International Relations only sees institutional "governance", social movement studies only see instances of resistance. Both, however, lack the necessary vocabulary to describe the dynamic interplay between systems of rule and resistance. While we are governed by transnational structures of rule, a systematic analysis of how this operates and how it can be resisted remains to be developed. This book develops an understanding of these power relations through rich empirical case studies of different forms of rule-resistance relationships. Some resistant groups demand reforms of particular policies and institutions. Others attack institutions head-on. Yet other actors attempt to escape the rules they reject. Which forms of resistance can we expect under different kinds of rule? How can we understand transnational rule in the first place? The book gives new inspiring answers to these difficult questions.