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Alliance and Conflict: The World System of the Iñupiaq Eskimos. Ernest S. Burch Jr. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005.

Recent trends in modern architectural theory stress the dynamic relationship that exists between culture and the built environment. Such theories hold that because different cultures are characterized by distinctive types of economic, social, and ideological relationships, they require different forms of spatial order to sustain them. Through the adoption of such a perspective, this paper examines the effects of Euro-Canadian prefabricated housing on modern Inuit groups in the central and eastern Canadian Arctic. Preliminary results suggest that the "alien" spatial environments of the southern-style prefabricated house may have contributed to increasing gender asymmetry, a transformation of social relations through the delayed resolution of interpersonal conflicts, confusion over how, when and where to conduct various household activities, and a loss of cultural identity among contemporary Inuit.Key words: human spatial behaviour, government housing, Inuit, gender, acculturation, northern communities ; Les tendances récentes dans la théorie de l'architecture moderne insistent sur le rapport dynamique existant entre la culture et le cadre bâti. De telles théories soutiennent que, vu que différentes cultures se caractérisent par des types distincts de rapports économiques, sociaux et idéologiques, elles ont besoin pour se maintenir de différentes formes d'aménagement des volumes et des espaces. En adoptant une telle perspective, cet article examine les effets des habitations eurocanadiennes préfabriquées, sur les groupes inuits modernes du centre et de l'est de l'Arctique canadien. Les résultats préliminaires suggèrent que les aménagements «étrangers» des volumes et des espaces des maisons préfabriquées conçues dans le sud pourraient avoir contribué à une augmentation de l'asymétrie entre les sexes, à une transformation des rapports sociaux par la résolution tardive des conflits interpersonnels, à une certaine confusion concernant l'exécution ses diverses activités au foyer (comment, quand et où), et à une perte d'identité culturelle chez les Inuit contemporains.Mots clés: comportement spatial humain, habitation fournie par l'État, Inuit, genre, acculturation, communautés nordiques

While Canadians have been called an "unmilitary people," Canada has played a significant role in many wars, from South Africa to Korea, and has been able to mobilize its resources to meet the demands of war. This paper concentrates entirely on the mobilization of military personnel: the process of moving armed forces from peacetime to wartime levels. Its analysis centers on the internal and external factors that influence force requirements and availability and on the means of filling the inevitable gaps between peacetime and wartime needs. Canada's mobilization policies are currently emerging from a period of neglect and must resolve the traditional tendencies of an unmilitary people with the demands of modern conventional war.

An analysis of military mobilization in Canada from 1867 to the present, focusing on factors that influence security needs. External factors that affect the supply of & demand for mobilization include: (1) type of threat (eg, nuclear vs conventional); (2) response flexibility required to meet various types of threat; (3) response time likely to be available following the threat; & (4) requirement gap, ie, difference between peacetime & wartime requirements. Internal factors that affect requirements by influencing government policy include: costs, public opinion, & internal politics. The relative strength of these factors has varied throughout Canada's history, & their collective influence is more important than that of either group of factors by itself. Traditional hostility toward military approaches has discouraged excessive militarism. Although current internal policy factors prevent a large peacetime commitment, more effective mobilization would enhance Canada's deterrent capability in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. J. W. Stanton

In neoclassical economics, individuals are assumed to perceive tax payments as commensurate with any other payment. This paper challenges this assumption. Individuals are more likely to identify with the community when they pay a higher share of their income in tax and when compliance is also an expression of civic duty. An analysis of questionnaire responses from over 20 countries suggests that citizens take a greater interest in politics when they are more tax compliant.

ABSTRACTDowns argued that instrumental individuals have no incentive to incur costs to turn out to vote. High turnout rates are explained in terms of intrinsic value derived from action. But if it is important to individuals that they participate, surely it matters how they participate? This paper tests the proposition that voters acquire more political information than those who abstain because they believe they have a duty to participate in collective decision‐making processes. It also considers the relevance of civic duty when explaining systematic differences between preferences expressed by those who vote and by those who abstain. Choice expressed at the ballot box is not the same as demand revealed in markets.

This study provides a review of the literature on sporting production functions with an emphasis on different input‐output specifications and alternative estimation procedures. Empirical evidence is reported for English association football on the robustness of estimates of coaching efficiency to changes in estimation methods and the definition of team performance and playing talent inputs. A measure of player quality based on predicted start‐of‐season transfer values is developed. It is found that the estimation of coaching efficiency is sensitive to the choice of time‐invariant efficiency models versus time‐varying and inefficiency effects models. It is also found that the results are little affected by different measures of team performance but are highly sensitive to the use of an ex post financial expenditure input measure. Ex ante input measures based on start‐of‐season player characteristics or predicted transfer values are recommended as more appropriate on both theoretical and empirical grounds.

This study provides a review of the literature on sporting production functions with an emphasis on different input-output specifications & alternative estimation procedures. Empirical evidence is reported for English association football on the robustness of estimates of coaching efficiency to changes in estimation methods & the definition of team performance & playing talent inputs. A measure of player quality based on predicted start-of-season transfer values is developed. It is found that the estimation of coaching efficiency is sensitive to the choice of time-invariant efficiency models vs time-varying & inefficiency effects models. It is also found that the results are little affected by different measures of team performance but are highly sensitive to the use of an ex post financial expenditure input measure. Ex ante input measures based on start-of-season player characteristics or predicted transfer values are recommended as more appropriate on both theoretical & empirical grounds. 3 Tables, 49 References. Adapted from the source document.