Inclusive education ; Educación inclusiva
ABSTRACTThe consolidation of human rights, known like ethical perspective, and the social model of disability constitute the theoretical and ideological bases of inclusive orientation. The educative practices and setting shave evolved from an approach focused in segregation to another one which is centred on a standardized integrating education, from special educational needs to teaching to diversity. Inclusive education represents a new way to eliminate social exclusion. The term educative inclusion has not a unique meaning, it is used to refer to different aims and situations in different contexts. That is, it is not limited to the field of education but to all fields of life. Concerning the characteristics of inclusive schools we can find the following ones: school-wide approaches, emphasis on the sense of community and membership, services based on need rather than location and support provided in the ordinary classroom, principle of natural proportions, education adapted to the student, enhanced instructional strategies, and standards and outcomes for students with disabilities drawn from that expected of students in general. ; RESUMENLos referentes ideológicos y teóricos de la orientación inclusiva pueden considerarse constituidos por elavance en la consolidación de los derechos humanos, conocido como perspectiva ética, y el modelosocial de discapacidad. Los marcos teóricos y legislativos, así como las prácticas educativas, han idoevolucionando desde un enfoque centrado en la segregación a otro centrado en una educación normalizadae integradora, de las necesidades educativas especiales a la atención a la diversidad, constituyendola educación inclusiva el último eslabón como medio para la disminución de los procesos de exclusiónsocial.El término inclusión educativa se define de múltiples formas, no existiendo un significado concreto yúnico del mismo, por lo que se utiliza para referirse a situaciones y fines diferentes y en contextos distintos.Es decir, no se limita al ámbito de la educación sino que se refiere a todos los ámbitos de la vida.Entre las características que tienden a mostrar las escuelas y aulas inclusivas están las siguientes: planteamientoseducativos amplios, énfasis al sentido de comunidad y pertenencia, servicios basados másen la necesidad que en el emplazamiento y apoyos en el aula ordinaria, principio de proporciones naturales,enseñanza adaptada al alumno, estrategias instructivas reforzadas y standares y resultadosderivados de los que son esperados para los estudiantes en general.ABSTRACTThe consolidation of human rights, known like ethical perspective, and the social model of disabilityconstitute the theoretical and ideological bases of inclusive orientation. The educative practices and settingshave evolved from an approach focused in segregation to another one which is centred on astandardized integrating education, from special educational needs to teaching to diversity. Inclusiveeducation represents a new way to eliminate social exclusion.The term educative inclusion has not a unique meaning, it is used to refer to different aims and situationsin different contexts. That is, it is not limited to the field of education but to all fields of life.Concerning the characteristics of inclusive schools we can find the following ones: school-wide approaches,emphasis on the sense of community and membership, services based on need rather than locationand support provided in the ordinary classroom, principle of natural proportions, education adapted tothe student, enhanced instructional strategies, and standards and outcomes for students with disabilitiesdrawn from that expected of students in general.