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Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Why Another DDR Book Is Necessary -- Methodology -- Case Selection -- Outline of the Book -- Notes -- Chapter 2: Conceptualizing Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Processes -- Disarmament -- Demobilization -- Reintegration -- "First-Generation" and "Second-Generation" DDR -- Target Group -- State Agency in DDR -- Structural and Organizational Framework -- Linkages Between DDR and SSR in State-, Nation- and Peacebuilding -- Post-conflict Violence Types -- Notes -- Chapter 3: Zimbabwe: DDR by Trial and Error -- Introduction -- Zimbabwe's Liberation War -- Lancaster House Agreement: Sacrificing DDR to End the War -- Ceasefire and Elections: Creating a Legitimate Framework for DDR -- Pre-integration Disarmament and Demobilization: Pay and Scatter -- Military Integration and State- and Nation-­Building: A Prelude to Institutionalized DDR -- Demobilization and Reintegration -- Operation SEED (Soldiers Engaged in Economic Development) -- 1981-1983 Demobilization and Reintegration Process: Rectifying "Pay and Scatter" -- Demobilization Allowance -- Education and Technical Training -- Employment -- Co-operatives and Entrepreneurial Guidance -- DDR of Special Categories: A Double Jeopardy? -- Women Ex-combatants -- Ineligible Ex-combatants -- Civil Society and the Wider Community -- Taking Stock of the Second DDR Initiative -- Enter the ZNLWVA: Reviving State Agency by Ex-combatant Agency -- 1997 Phase of Reintegration: Third Time Unlucky? -- Land, War Veterans and Political Violence -- Renewed Phase of Reintegration: Better Late Than Never? -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 4: Namibia: Creating a Time Bomb -- Introduction -- UNTAG Background -- Namibia's Liberation War -- UNTAG's Disarmament and Demobilization

On 23 June 2021, after months of deliberations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) approved the establishment of the SADC Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) in response to escalating violent extremism and insurgency by an Islamist armed group, Al-Shabaab or Al-Sunnah wa Jama'ah (ASWJ), in Mozambique's northern Cabo Delgado province, which posed the risk of regional contagion. SAMIM was deployed under scenario 6 of the African Standby Force (ASF) with a mandate focused on supporting the Mozambican government to combat terrorism and violent extremism in Cabo Delgado. Its mandate also centred on strengthening and maintaining peace and security; restoring law and order; and assisting the government and humanitarian agencies to provide humanitarian relief to the affected population. This paper contributes to raising public understanding of the regional and continental policies and principles underpinning the SADC decision-making process regarding the deployment of peace missions and the effectiveness of SAMIM in fulfilling its mandated tasks until its first anniversary. It identified the relative pacification of Cabo Delgado as a crucial strategic and operational impact of SAMIM's exceptional military intervention, which facilitated its segue into a multidimensional peacebuilding mission. Six principal constraints-cum-opportunities of SAMIM, which had a significant bearing on its effectiveness, are discussed.

This study examines how demobilisation and reintegration processes affected the roles and status of women ex-combatants after the liberation war in Zimbabwe. The success of post-war demobilisation and reintegration depends on the formulation and implementation of programmes that recognise the contributions of women and treat them as a differentiated mass with specific aspirations. In disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) processes after most wars, the roles of women in the conflicts and their post-war needs are ignored or not adequately addressed. Their critical roles and contributions in the conflict and its resolution are rarely recognised. The vital contribution that women fighters made in Zimbabwe's liberation struggle between 1962 and 1979 has gone largely unsung. Through extensive interviews with female ex-combatants, this article argues that the absence of a gender-sensitive demobilisation and reintegration policy resulted in the marginalisation and exclusion of women ex-combatants in the military, social, political and professional spheres. What then, it asks, are the lessons that can be learnt from Zimbabwe's experience of demobilisation and reintegration?

This study examines how demobilisation & reintegration processes affected the roles & status of women ex-combatants after the liberation war in Zimbabwe. The success of post-war demobilisation & reintegration depends on the formulation & implementation of programmes that recognise the contributions of women & treat them as a differentiated mass with specific aspirations. In disarmament, demobilisation & reintegration (DDR) processes after most wars, the roles of women in the conflicts & their post-war needs are ignored or not adequately addressed. Their critical roles & contributions in the conflict & its resolution are rarely recognised. The vital contribution that women fighters made in Zimbabwe's liberation struggle between 1962 & 1979 has gone largely unsung. Through extensive interviews with female ex-combatants, this article argues that the absence of a gender-sensitive demobilisation & reintegration policy resulted in the marginalisation & exclusion of women ex-combatants in the military, social, political & professional spheres. What then, it asks, are the lessons that can be learnt from Zimbabwe's experience of demobilisation & reintegration? 19 References. Adapted from the source document.