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This study investigates the level of gender mainstreaming on planning and implementation of activities within number of governmental, nongovernmental and academic organizations in Sudan. Gender mainstreaming is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action including legislation policies or programs in all areas and at all levels. Organizations included on this research are entities that mainly involved on natural resources management disciplines, humanitarian activities, and academia. The problem stated on this study stemmed on the fact that information on agriculture and natural resources management domain including farming, forests, range management, livestock production is not disaggregated by sex, while climate change stresses on natural resources and agriculture compounds the vulnerability of women in use and management of natural resources. The methodology used on this study was purposive sampling using semi structured interviews to elicit information from selected organizations within Khartoum City the capital of the Sudan. The study revealed that there is lack of knowledge on gender concepts and lack of skillful expertise within some of the studied organizations and thus gender mainstreaming is not fulfilled yet. It also showed that there are either no regulations or no commitment to regulations on gender policies within the studied organizations, therefore, gender policies on domain of agriculture and natural resources management are not formulated. The study concluded that establishment of gender research units within academic institutions is necessary. Those units can be platforms to source and develop knowledge about the role of gender in climate change adaptations, and they also can be linked to decision making processes within institutions involved in natural resources and agriculture, where gender policies, could be developed and applied. Improved policy for natural resources management and agriculture had been suggested to reduce climate stresses on natural ...

Public-Private-Partnerships (PPP) projects are created to improve the mutual distribution of costs, risks and profits between the public and the private sectors for infrastructure projects through appropriately utilization their side strengths while at the same time addressing their shortcome. Thus in order to improve the infrastructure in Sudan there is an essential need to apply PPPs procurement system. This study is carried out to analyze the impact of twenty six factors for PPP projects to be adopted in Sudan. These factors have been collected from previous researches and they have been grouped into six dimensions: 1) legal 2) risk management 3) project efficiency 4) project performance 5) financial and 6) political and environmental. A survey is conducted using an online questionnaire and also by distributing printed copies. This survey is focused on public and private organizations located in Khartoum, Sudan. The survey results show that there are three significant factors that have the most impact for implementing PPP projects in Sudan. These are establishing new opportunities for private sector, the qualification of contractor and consultant, and PPP supporting in accelerating projects development. A conceptual framework for implementation of PPP projects in Sudan is developed, which has seven stages to be followed for the PPP procurement system to be adopted in Sudan. Keywords: Public Private Partnerships, Project delivery method, Project procurement system, Sudan. ; Kamu-Özel-Ortaklık (KÖO) projeleri, altyapı projelerinin kamu ve özel sektör arasında güçlü yönlerini uygun bir şekilde kullanarak ve zayıf yönlerini de işaret ederek ortak olarak maliyetlerin, risklerin ve karların paylaşıldığı projelerdir. Bu nedenle Sudan'da altyapı projelerinin geliştirilmesinde KOÖ projeleri temin sisteminin uygulanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma KOÖ projelerinin Sudan uygulanması için yirmi altı faktörün etkisini analiz etmek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu faktörler önceki araştırmalardan elde edilmiştir ve altı boyutta gruplanmıştır: 1) Yasala 2) Risk yönetimi 3) Project verimliliği 4) Project performansı 5) Mali and 6) Politik ve çevresel. Çevrimiçi ve basılmış kopyaların dağıtımı ile bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma Sudan-Khartoum'daki kamu ve özel sektör organizasyonlarına odaklanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları Sudan' daki KÖO projelerinin uygulanmasında üç önemli faktörün etkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Bunlar, özel sektör için yeni fırsatların oluşturulması, müteahhit ve danışmanların yetkinliği ve KÖO sisteminin projelerinin geliştirilmesinin hızlandırılması destekleyici olduğudur. Sudan'daki KÖO projelerinin uygulanması için bir kavramsal bir çerçeve geliştirilmiştir. Yedi aşamadan oluşan bu çerçevede Sudan'da KÖO temin sisteminin uygulanmasına çalışılmıştır. Keywords: Kamu Özel Ortaklık, Proje teslim yöntemi, Proje temin sistemi, Sudan ; Master of Science in Civil Engineering. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2015. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. İbrahim Yitmen.

The usage of e-health facilities is seen to be the first priority by the Libyan government. As such this paper focuses on how the key factors or elements of working size in terms of technological availability, structural environment, and other competence-related matters may affect nurses' sharing of knowledge in e-health. Hence, this paper investigates learning readiness assessment to raise e-health for Libyan regional hospitals by using ehealth services in nursing education.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the status of present periodontal diseases in Gezira Province. The facilities investigated included those in urban and rural areas including Wad Medani Dental hospital, Wad Medani Military Hospital, El Gadaiea Health Centre and Maringan Health Centre. Methodology: The study tools were direct pre-coded questionnaires, and a checklist. The procedure involved dental clinical examinations of patients to estimate periodontal diseases assessed by measuring calculus, gingival bleeding and periodontal pockets (PI index). The study sample was randomly selected to comprise 10% of patients attending Wad Medani Dental and Military Dental Hospitals during a week time period (6 days). All patients attended El Gadaiea and Marinjan Health Centres (n = 201) and sampled patients at rural health institutions during the same period were recruited (n = 448). Results: Thirty study sites in the rural areas were chosen from five study councils including Alhosh, Wad Alnaeem, Alhag Abdalla, Almadina Arab and Hantoub. They comprise 418 towns, villages and camps, of the only 118 had health services, including only four dental units. This was the reason that most of rural populations seek oral health services for periodontal diseases and dental caries in Wad Medani health institutions. The result showed that the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontal diseases were more prominent in the rural areas, while the management of them were meager in both the urban and rural areas. Conclusion: From the results of the present study could be concluded that there was a high prevalence of periodontal diseases due to poor provision of dental services in both quantity and quality at Gezira Province.

Many drugs in modern medicines originate from plants and the first step in drug production, is the recognition of plants needed for this purpose. This article presents a bagging approach for medical plants recognition based on their DNA sequences. In this work, the authors have developed a system that recognize DNA sequences of 14 medical plants, first they divided the 14-class data set into bi class sub-data sets, then instead of using an algorithm to classify the 14-class data set, they used the same algorithm to classify the sub-data sets. By doing so, they have simplified the problem of classification of 14 plants into sub-problems of bi class classification. To construct the subsets, the authors extracted all possible pairs of the 14 classes, so they gave each class more chances to be well predicted. This approach allows the study of the similarity between DNA sequences of a plant with each other plants. In terms of results, the authors have obtained very good results in which the accuracy has been doubled (from 45% to almost 80%). Classification of a new sequence was completed according to majority vote.