Introduction to Pyrethroid Insecticides: Chemical structures, properties, mode of action and use -- Analytical methods for determining Pyrethroid Insecticides in environmental and food matrices -- Analytical methods for determination urinary metabolites of synthetic Pyrethroids -- Fate of Pyrethroids in freshwater and marine environments -- The ecological and evolutionary implications of Pyrethroid exposure: A new perspective on aquatic ecotoxicity -- Stereoselectivity and environmental behaviour of Pyrethroids -- Environmental risks of synthetic Pyrethroids used by the salmon industry in Chile -- Bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Pyrethroid Insecticides in wildlife and humans -- Indoor and outdoor Pyrethroid air concentrations -- Risk assessment of human exposure to Pyrethroids through food -- Human risk associated with long-term exposure to Pyrethroid insecticides -- Conclusions and future trends.
Access options:
The following links lead to the full text from the respective local libraries:
Intro -- Brominated Flame Retardants -- The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Also Available Electronically -- Aims and Scope -- Series Preface -- Volume Preface -- Contents -- Introduction to Brominated Flame Retardants: Commercially Products, Applications, and Physicochemical Properties -- Human Health Effects of Brominated Flame Retardants -- Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Methods Applied to Congener-Specific Analysis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers -- Recent Methodologies for Brominated Flame Retardant Determinations by Means of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- Current Levels and Trends of Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment -- Bioaccumulation of Brominated Flame Retardants -- Degradation of Brominated Flame Retardants -- Human Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants -- Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment -- Index.
Access options:
The following links lead to the full text from the respective local libraries:
9 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. ; Environmental risk assessment is an essential element in any decision-making process in order to minimize the effects of human activities on the environment. Unfortunately, often environmental data tends to be vague and imprecise, so uncertainty is associated with any study related with these kind of data. ; Essentially, uncertainty in risk assessment may have two origins – randomness and incompleteness. There are two main ways to deal with these uncertainties – probability theory and fuzzy logic. ; Probability theory is based on a stochastic approach, using probability functions to describe random variability in environmental parameters. ; Fuzzy logic uses membership functions and linguistic parameters to express vagueness in environmental issues. ; We discuss the best way to deal with uncertainties in the environmental field and give examples of probabilistic and fuzzy-logic approaches applied to environmental risk assessment. ; This Study was funded by the European Union through the projects RISKBASE (GOCE 036938), AQUATERRA (Project number 505428) and by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through the project CEMAGUA (CGL2007-64551/HID). ; Peer reviewed
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Volume 115, p. 62-66
10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118377 ; Concentrations of organophosphate esters (OPEs) plasticizers were analysed in the present study. Fifty-five fish samples belonging to three highly commercial species, European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), and European hake (Merluccius merluccius), were taken from the Western Mediterranean Sea. OPEs were detected in all individuals, except for two hake samples, with concentrations between 0.38 and 73.4 ng/g wet weight (ww). Sardines presented the highest mean value with 20.5 ± 20.1 ng/g ww, followed by anchovies with 14.1 ± 8.91 ng/g ww and hake with 2.48 ± 1.76 ng/g ww. The lowest OPE concentrations found in hake, which is a partial predator of anchovy and sardine, and the higher δ15N values (as a proxy of trophic position), may indicate the absence of OPEs biomagnification. Eleven out of thirteen tested OPEs compounds were detected, being diphenyl cresyl phosphate (DCP) one of the most frequently detected in all the species. The highest concentration values were obtained for tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDClPP), trihexyl phosphate (THP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), for sardines, anchovies, and hakes, respectively. The human health risk associated with the consumption of these fish species showing that their individual consumption would not pose a considerable threat to public health regarding OPE intake ; This study has been partially funded by PELCAT project (CAT 152CAT00013, TAIS ARP059/19/00005), PELWEB project (ES-PN-2017-CTM 2017-88939-R, Spanish Government), EXPOPLAS project (PID2019-110576RB-I00), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group Water and Soil Quality Unit 2017 SGR 1404). MEDITS data collection has been co-funded by the EU through the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) within the National Program of collection, management and use of data in the fisheries sector and support for scientific advice regarding the Common Fisheries Policy. [.] This work acknowledges the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditations (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to IDAEA and ICM (Project CEX2018-000794-S and CEX2019-000928-S, respectively).EL-L was supported by a FPU grant (FPU1704395, Spanish Ministry of Education) ; Peer reviewed
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Volume 88, p. 55-64