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Zusammenfassung: The idea that nothing happens by chance in history, that nothing is quite what it seems to be at first sight, that everything is the result of the secret machinations of malign groups of people manipulating everything from behind the scenes - these notions are as old as history itself. But conspiracy theories are becoming more popular and more widespread in the twenty-first century. Nowhere have they become more obvious than in revisionist accounts of the history of the Third Reich. Long-discredited conspiracy theories have taken on a new lease of life, given credence by claims of freshly discovered evidence and novel angles of investigation. This book takes five widely discussed claims involving Hitler and the Nazis and subjects them to forensic scrutiny: that the Jews were conspiring to undermine civilization, as outlined in The Protocols of the Elders of Zion; that the German army was 'stabbed in the back' by socialists and Jews in 1918; that the Nazis burned down the Reichstag in order to seize power; that Rudolf Hess' flight to the UK in 1941 was sanctioned by Hitler and conveyed peace terms suppressed by Churchill; and that Hitler escaped the bunker in 1945 and fled to South America. In doing so, it teases out some surprising features that these, and other conspiracy theories, have in common

1. Mass and elite revisited / Josiah Ober -- 2. Coinage and democracy : economic redistribution as the basis of democratic Athens / Matthew Trundle -- 3. The frame of mind of evtacia / Luca Sansone di Campobianco -- 4. Ancient cynicism : for the elite or for the masses? / Philip Bosman -- 5. Livy on mass and elite interaction in Syracuse in 214 BC : libertas, multitudo, uxores / Richard Evans -- 6. Plebeian agency in the later Roman Republic / Loonis Logghe -- 7. Populating Satire 1.6 : mass and elite in the poetry of Horace / Suzanne Sharland -- 8. Living in Republican Rome : 'shanty metropolis' / Lisa Marie Mignone -- 9. City, village, sacrifice : the political economy of religion in the early Roman Empire / Clifford Ando -- 10. The cost of leadership : the relationship between crowds and power in the Misopogon of the emperor Julian and the Aethiopica of Heliodorus / John Hilton -- 11. From mass to elite in the later Roman Empire : framing the problem of mass to elite social mobility / Hartmut Ziche -- 12. Mass and elite in late antique religion : the case of Manichaeism / Nicholas Baker-Brian.

PART I. REPUBLIC AND REICH -- Blueprint for genocide? -- Imagining empire -- The defeat of 1918 -- Walther Rathenau -- Berlin in the twenties -- Social outsiders -- PART II. INSIDE NAZI GERMANY -- Coercion and consent -- The 'People's Community' -- Was Hitler ill? -- Adolf and Eva -- PART III. THE NAZI ECONOMY -- Economic recovery -- The People's Car -- The Arms of Krupp -- The fellow-traveller -- PART IV. FOREIGN POLICY -- Hitler's ally -- Towards war -- Nazis and diplomats -- PART V: VICTORY AND DEFEAT -- Fateful choices -- Engineers of victory -- The food of war -- Defeat out of victory -- Decline and fall -- PART VI. THE POLITICS OF GENOCIDE -- Empire, race and war -- Was the 'Final Solutiom' unique? -- Europe's killing fields -- PART VII. AFTERMATH -- The other horror -- Urban utopias -- Art in time of war

1. Introduction : Wilhelm II's Germany and the historians / Richard J. Evans -- 2. Kaiser versus Chancellor : the crisis of Bulow's chancellorship 1905-6 / Terry Cole -- 3. Military-industrial relations : Krupp and the imperial Navy Office / Richard Owen -- 4. Politics and culture : the state and the Avant-Garde in Munich 1886-1914 / Robin Lenman -- 5. The Wilhelmine right : how it changed / Geoff Eley -- 6. Populism in the countryside : the peasant leagues in Bavaria in the 1890s / Ian Farr -- 7. The problem of democratisation : German Catholics and the role of the centre party / David Blackbourn -- 8. Liberalism and society : the feminist movement and social change / Richard J. Evans -- 9. The shaping of the German labour movement : miners in the Ruhr / Stephen Hickey -- 10. Youth in rebellion : the beginnings of the socialist youth movement 1904-14 / Alex Hall -- 11. Radicalism and the worker : metalworkers and revolution 1914-23 / Dick Geary.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- CONTENTS -- List of Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction: Wilhelm II's Germany and the Historians -- 2. Kaiser Versus Chancellor: The Crisis of Billow's Chancellorship 1905-6 -- 3. Military-Industrial Relations: Krupp and the Imperial Navy Office -- 4. Politics and Culture: The State and the Avant-Garde in Munich 1886-1914 -- 5. The Wilhelmine Right: How it Changed -- 6. Populism in the Countryside: The Peasant Leagues in Bavaria in the 1890's -- 7. The Problem of Démocratisation: German Catholics and the Role of the Centre Party -- 8. Liberalism and Society: The Feminist Movement and Social Change -- 9. The Shaping of the German Labour Movement: Miners in the Ruhr -- 10. Youth in Rebellion: The Beginnings of the Socialist Youth Movement 1904-14 -- 11. Radicalism and the Worker: Metalworkers and Revolution 1914-23 -- Notes on Contributors -- Index.

1. Introduction : the 'dangerous classes' in Germany from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century / Richard J. Evans -- 2. The Mordbrenner fear in sixteenth-century Germany : political paranoia or the revenge of the outcast? / Bob Scribner -- 3. The equation of women and witches : a case study of witchcraft trials in Lucerne and Lausanne in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries / Susanna Burghartz -- 4. Bandits and the state : robbers and the authorities in the Holy Roman Empire in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries / Uwe Danker -- 5. Infanticide in eighteenth-century Germany / Otto Ulbricht -- 6. Poachers in Upper Bavaria in 1848 : crime or conflict? / Regina Schulte -- 7. The crime rate : longitudinal and periodic trends in nineteenth- and twentieth-century German criminality, from Vorm©Þrz to Late Weimar / Eric A. Johnson -- 8. Prostitutes in Imperial Germany, 1870-1918 : working girls or social outcasts? / Lynn Abrams -- 9. Vagrants and beggars in Hitler's Reich / Wolfgang Ayass -- 10. 'Law-abiding Germans'? Social disintegration, crime and the reimposition of order in post-war Western Germany, 1945-9 / Alan Kramer

Originally published in 1977, this book brings together what is known about liberal feminist and socialist movements for the emancipation of women all over the world in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It deals not only with Britain and the United States but also with Australia, New Zealand, France, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary and the Scandinavian countries. The chapters trace the origins, development, and eventual collapse of these movements in relation to the changing social formations and political structures of Europe, America and Australasia in the era of bourgeois liber