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Throughout the world today, we can see the development of an unprecedented touristic mobility associated with transitions that are at once human, technical, financial and cultural. The contributions to this issue of Civilisations, which highlights the convergent interests of the social sciences, seek to rewrite the study of tourism into the larger perspective of the growing mobility of the globalized world. In addition, the issue discusses the political dimension of tourism, examining the complex relationship between tourism and nationalism. W. A. Butler

AbstractThough not officially considered a 'policy' by the Lao government, resettlement of ethnic minorities has become a central feature of the rural development strategy in Laos. Over the past ten years, a majority of highland villages have been resettled downhill, and the local administrations are planning to move the remaining villages in the coming years. This article draws on a national survey about resettlement in Laos, commissioned by UNESCO and financed by UNDP, that was undertaken by the authors. It focuses on the consequences of these huge shifts of population and on the social and cultural dynamics that underlie them. It shows that the planned resettlements, which are intended to promote the 'settling' of the highland populations by enforcing the ban on slash‐and‐burn agriculture and opium growing, actually cause increased and diversified rural mobility. This in turn complicates the implementation of the rural development policy and the political management of interethnic relationships. In other words, the 'settling' process promoted by the State, because of its broad and often tragic social consequences, can paradoxically generate unplanned or unexpected further migrations, which could be called 'resettlement‐induced forms of mobility'

Cet article a pour objet d'évaluer empiriquement la pertinence économique (en termes d'efficience-coût) de la politique de délégation de la distribution d'électricité des communes vers des organismes ou sociétés extra-communales. Pour ce faire, les possibilités d'économies d'échelle et de densité au sein du secteur ainsi que les coûts d'exploitation relatifs des diverses formes institutionnelles existantes sont évalués sur base de l'estimation d'une fonction de coût hédonique à court terme. ; Peer reviewed

International audience ; Opencast mining has exacerbated land degradation in New Caledonia, a French archipelago located in the south-west Pacific Ocean. Developed since the 1880s, mining has become the major economic activity in some catchments, which strongly disrupted sediment dynamics. Reconstructing the temporal changes of sediment source contributions is essential to understand the driving factors of soil erosion in response to i) the occurrence of cyclones, ii) the changes in mining practices during the last several decades, and iii) other soil degradation processes such as extensive soil erosion induced by fires, overgrazing and trampling of invasive species, and landslides. Accordingly, a multi-parameter analysis including gamma spectrometry, color and X-ray fluorescence measurements was conducted on a sediment core collected in a deltaic floodplain at the outlet of one of the first areas exploited for nickel mining, the Thio River catchment (397-km2). One geochemical tracer (i.e. K) has been used to quantify changes in sediment sources in the successive sediment layers deposited since the beginning of mining activity. The results showed that the contribution of mining tributaries largely dominated, with a mean contribution of 74 % (SD 13 %) of material sampled in the sediment core. This contribution notably increased after the mechanization of mining activities (i.e. from 1950s; increase of 18 %). The occurrence of Cyclone Alison in 1975 triggered the progressive transfer of mining waste accumulated on the foothills over 25 years into the river system. This tipping point could be identified in the sediment sequence, which demonstrates that over the last 41 years (i.e. 1975-2016), a ~84-cm deep sediment deposit has accumulated in the alluvial floodplain of the Thio River catchment (mean annual deposition rate of 2 cm yr-1). Currently, the progressive release and downstream transfer of this mining waste is still ongoing ~45 years after Cyclone Alison. Although environmental legislation was introduced in ...

International audience ; Opencast mining has exacerbated land degradation in New Caledonia, a French archipelago located in the south-west Pacific Ocean. Developed since the 1880s, mining has become the major economic activity in some catchments, which strongly disrupted sediment dynamics. Reconstructing the temporal changes of sediment source contributions is essential to understand the driving factors of soil erosion in response to i) the occurrence of cyclones, ii) the changes in mining practices during the last several decades, and iii) other soil degradation processes such as extensive soil erosion induced by fires, overgrazing and trampling of invasive species, and landslides. Accordingly, a multi-parameter analysis including gamma spectrometry, color and X-ray fluorescence measurements was conducted on a sediment core collected in a deltaic floodplain at the outlet of one of the first areas exploited for nickel mining, the Thio River catchment (397-km2). One geochemical tracer (i.e. K) has been used to quantify changes in sediment sources in the successive sediment layers deposited since the beginning of mining activity. The results showed that the contribution of mining tributaries largely dominated, with a mean contribution of 74 % (SD 13 %) of material sampled in the sediment core. This contribution notably increased after the mechanization of mining activities (i.e. from 1950s; increase of 18 %). The occurrence of Cyclone Alison in 1975 triggered the progressive transfer of mining waste accumulated on the foothills over 25 years into the river system. This tipping point could be identified in the sediment sequence, which demonstrates that over the last 41 years (i.e. 1975-2016), a ~84-cm deep sediment deposit has accumulated in the alluvial floodplain of the Thio River catchment (mean annual deposition rate of 2 cm yr-1). Currently, the progressive release and downstream transfer of this mining waste is still ongoing ~45 years after Cyclone Alison. Although environmental legislation was introduced in ...

International audience ; Opencast mining has exacerbated land degradation in New Caledonia, a French archipelago located in the south-west Pacific Ocean. Developed since the 1880s, mining has become the major economic activity in some catchments, which strongly disrupted sediment dynamics. Reconstructing the temporal changes of sediment source contributions is essential to understand the driving factors of soil erosion in response to i) the occurrence of cyclones, ii) the changes in mining practices during the last several decades, and iii) other soil degradation processes such as extensive soil erosion induced by fires, overgrazing and trampling of invasive species, and landslides. Accordingly, a multi-parameter analysis including gamma spectrometry, color and X-ray fluorescence measurements was conducted on a sediment core collected in a deltaic floodplain at the outlet of one of the first areas exploited for nickel mining, the Thio River catchment (397-km2). One geochemical tracer (i.e. K) has been used to quantify changes in sediment sources in the successive sediment layers deposited since the beginning of mining activity. The results showed that the contribution of mining tributaries largely dominated, with a mean contribution of 74 % (SD 13 %) of material sampled in the sediment core. This contribution notably increased after the mechanization of mining activities (i.e. from 1950s; increase of 18 %). The occurrence of Cyclone Alison in 1975 triggered the progressive transfer of mining waste accumulated on the foothills over 25 years into the river system. This tipping point could be identified in the sediment sequence, which demonstrates that over the last 41 years (i.e. 1975-2016), a ~84-cm deep sediment deposit has accumulated in the alluvial floodplain of the Thio River catchment (mean annual deposition rate of 2 cm yr-1). Currently, the progressive release and downstream transfer of this mining waste is still ongoing ~45 years after Cyclone Alison. Although environmental legislation was introduced in ...

International audience ; Opencast mining has exacerbated land degradation in New Caledonia, a French archipelago located in the south-west Pacific Ocean. Developed since the 1880s, mining has become the major economic activity in some catchments, which strongly disrupted sediment dynamics. Reconstructing the temporal changes of sediment source contributions is essential to understand the driving factors of soil erosion in response to i) the occurrence of cyclones, ii) the changes in mining practices during the last several decades, and iii) other soil degradation processes such as extensive soil erosion induced by fires, overgrazing and trampling of invasive species, and landslides. Accordingly, a multi-parameter analysis including gamma spectrometry, color and X-ray fluorescence measurements was conducted on a sediment core collected in a deltaic floodplain at the outlet of one of the first areas exploited for nickel mining, the Thio River catchment (397-km2). One geochemical tracer (i.e. K) has been used to quantify changes in sediment sources in the successive sediment layers deposited since the beginning of mining activity. The results showed that the contribution of mining tributaries largely dominated, with a mean contribution of 74 % (SD 13 %) of material sampled in the sediment core. This contribution notably increased after the mechanization of mining activities (i.e. from 1950s; increase of 18 %). The occurrence of Cyclone Alison in 1975 triggered the progressive transfer of mining waste accumulated on the foothills over 25 years into the river system. This tipping point could be identified in the sediment sequence, which demonstrates that over the last 41 years (i.e. 1975-2016), a ~84-cm deep sediment deposit has accumulated in the alluvial floodplain of the Thio River catchment (mean annual deposition rate of 2 cm yr-1). Currently, the progressive release and downstream transfer of this mining waste is still ongoing ~45 years after Cyclone Alison. Although environmental legislation was introduced in ...

International audience ; Opencast mining has exacerbated land degradation in New Caledonia, a French archipelago located in the south-west Pacific Ocean. Developed since the 1880s, mining has become the major economic activity in some catchments, which strongly disrupted sediment dynamics. Reconstructing the temporal changes of sediment source contributions is essential to understand the driving factors of soil erosion in response to i) the occurrence of cyclones, ii) the changes in mining practices during the last several decades, and iii) other soil degradation processes such as extensive soil erosion induced by fires, overgrazing and trampling of invasive species, and landslides. Accordingly, a multi-parameter analysis including gamma spectrometry, color and X-ray fluorescence measurements was conducted on a sediment core collected in a deltaic floodplain at the outlet of one of the first areas exploited for nickel mining, the Thio River catchment (397-km2). One geochemical tracer (i.e. K) has been used to quantify changes in sediment sources in the successive sediment layers deposited since the beginning of mining activity. The results showed that the contribution of mining tributaries largely dominated, with a mean contribution of 74 % (SD 13 %) of material sampled in the sediment core. This contribution notably increased after the mechanization of mining activities (i.e. from 1950s; increase of 18 %). The occurrence of Cyclone Alison in 1975 triggered the progressive transfer of mining waste accumulated on the foothills over 25 years into the river system. This tipping point could be identified in the sediment sequence, which demonstrates that over the last 41 years (i.e. 1975-2016), a ~84-cm deep sediment deposit has accumulated in the alluvial floodplain of the Thio River catchment (mean annual deposition rate of 2 cm yr-1). Currently, the progressive release and downstream transfer of this mining waste is still ongoing ~45 years after Cyclone Alison. Although environmental legislation was introduced in ...

International audience ; Opencast mining has exacerbated land degradation in New Caledonia, a French archipelago located in the south-west Pacific Ocean. Developed since the 1880s, mining has become the major economic activity in some catchments, which strongly disrupted sediment dynamics. Reconstructing the temporal changes of sediment source contributions is essential to understand the driving factors of soil erosion in response to i) the occurrence of cyclones, ii) the changes in mining practices during the last several decades, and iii) other soil degradation processes such as extensive soil erosion induced by fires, overgrazing and trampling of invasive species, and landslides. Accordingly, a multi-parameter analysis including gamma spectrometry, color and X-ray fluorescence measurements was conducted on a sediment core collected in a deltaic floodplain at the outlet of one of the first areas exploited for nickel mining, the Thio River catchment (397-km2). One geochemical tracer (i.e. K) has been used to quantify changes in sediment sources in the successive sediment layers deposited since the beginning of mining activity. The results showed that the contribution of mining tributaries largely dominated, with a mean contribution of 74 % (SD 13 %) of material sampled in the sediment core. This contribution notably increased after the mechanization of mining activities (i.e. from 1950s; increase of 18 %). The occurrence of Cyclone Alison in 1975 triggered the progressive transfer of mining waste accumulated on the foothills over 25 years into the river system. This tipping point could be identified in the sediment sequence, which demonstrates that over the last 41 years (i.e. 1975-2016), a ~84-cm deep sediment deposit has accumulated in the alluvial floodplain of the Thio River catchment (mean annual deposition rate of 2 cm yr-1). Currently, the progressive release and downstream transfer of this mining waste is still ongoing ~45 years after Cyclone Alison. Although environmental legislation was introduced in ...

International audience ; Opencast mining has exacerbated land degradation in New Caledonia, a French archipelago located in the south-west Pacific Ocean. Developed since the 1880s, mining has become the major economic activity in some catchments, which strongly disrupted sediment dynamics. Reconstructing the temporal changes of sediment source contributions is essential to understand the driving factors of soil erosion in response to i) the occurrence of cyclones, ii) the changes in mining practices during the last several decades, and iii) other soil degradation processes such as extensive soil erosion induced by fires, overgrazing and trampling of invasive species, and landslides. Accordingly, a multi-parameter analysis including gamma spectrometry, color and X-ray fluorescence measurements was conducted on a sediment core collected in a deltaic floodplain at the outlet of one of the first areas exploited for nickel mining, the Thio River catchment (397-km2). One geochemical tracer (i.e. K) has been used to quantify changes in sediment sources in the successive sediment layers deposited since the beginning of mining activity. The results showed that the contribution of mining tributaries largely dominated, with a mean contribution of 74 % (SD 13 %) of material sampled in the sediment core. This contribution notably increased after the mechanization of mining activities (i.e. from 1950s; increase of 18 %). The occurrence of Cyclone Alison in 1975 triggered the progressive transfer of mining waste accumulated on the foothills over 25 years into the river system. This tipping point could be identified in the sediment sequence, which demonstrates that over the last 41 years (i.e. 1975-2016), a ~84-cm deep sediment deposit has accumulated in the alluvial floodplain of the Thio River catchment (mean annual deposition rate of 2 cm yr-1). Currently, the progressive release and downstream transfer of this mining waste is still ongoing ~45 years after Cyclone Alison. Although environmental legislation was introduced in ...