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Como es bien sabido, Reino Unido, Irlanda y Suecia abrieron sus mercados de trabajo a la vez que se producía la ampliación de la UE a los ocho nuevos estados miembros, es decir, el 1 de mayo de 2004. El principal objetivo de este artículo es analizar la libre circulación de trabajadores cinco años después de la primera ronda de ampliación de la UE. Aunque la segunda ronda de 2007 también produjo importantes cambios, ha pasado poco tiempo para poder analizar sus consecuencias. Por ello, nos centramos en el patrón de emigración de los ocho nuevos estados miembros, destacando como destinos Reino Unido e Irlanda, debido a su "política de puertas abiertas". Desde 2007 no se observan grandes impactos en el mercado de trabajo de los países receptores (por ejemplo, los datos de Irlanda confirman que durante los primeros años del 2000 la inmigración fue principalmente fruto de la demanda). Aún queda por ver, sin embargo, cuáles serán los efectos de la actual crisis económica y financiera. Aunque parece que el flujo de inmigrantes decrece, los cambios en la composición de las migraciones aún no están claros.________________________As is well known, the UK, Ireland and Sweden opened their labour markets already at the time of the accession of the eight East-European Member States i.e. on May 1, 2004. The main objective of the article is to examine free circulation of labour five years after the first round of EU enlargement. Although the second round of 2007 brought about also important changes, time is too short to analyse their trends. Therefore, the main focus is on immigration pattern of the 8 East-European Member States to those destinations, where as a result of their 'open door policy', the inflow was substantial, i.e. Ireland and the UK. Up to 2007 major impact on overall labour market outcomes in the host economies could not be found (for example, Irish data confirmed that in the first years of 2000s immigration was primarily demand-driven). It remains to be seen, however, what the impacts of the current economic and financial crisis would be. Whereas it seems likely that the inflow would decline, the impacts on the composition of migrants are still unclear.

AbstractThe main characteristics of intra-EU labour mobility are well documented. There is less focus, however, on the pattern of mobility of the East European (EU-13) EU-mobile citizens. This group constitutes more than half (57%) of all the EU movers and show, to some extent, other features than the rest of the EU mobile citizens (EU-15). The first part of this paper gives a brief overview of some key demographic and labour market characteristics of the East European mobile citizens in the most important destination countries. The perspectives of the sending countries are not analysed frequently enough, and thus the second part of the paper focuses on this issue in the case of Hungary, by asking to what extent the serious labour shortages, ensuing from the outflow of Hungarians, could be compensated by the recent increase of immigration of third country nationals. Using OECD data, the paper quantifies the balance of labour gains and losses for Hungary and compares this with Czechia, Poland, and Slovakia. The analysis concludes that despite the substantial recent inflow of third country nationals into Hungary, it remains to be seen whether this has a real substitution effect for the lost domestic labour force.

Der vorliegende Bericht vergleich die Chancen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt von Jugendlichen in Großbritannien, Deutschland, Polen und Ungarn. Dabei wird deutlich, daß sich seit Beginn der Transformation in Osteuropa die Jugendlichen in zwei Lager teilen. Durch den massiven Stellenabbau sind vorallem weniger Gebildete benachteiligt.