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No desfile militar do Dia da Independência de 1950, na cidade de São Paulo, a militante comunista Elisa Branco Batista protestou contra a possibilidade de envio de soldados brasileiros para lutar na Guerra da Coreia. Ela foi presa e condenada. Recorrendo aos jornais Diário da Noite, Imprensa Popular, Voz Operária e ao Acervo do DEOPS, sob guarda do Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo, o objetivo do artigo é conhecer período importante da vida de Elisa Branco Batista, no contexto da linha política estabelecida pelo Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB) no "Manifesto de Agosto de 1950" e da atuação dos comunistas brasileiros nas campanhas pela paz, no início daquela década. O PCB, por meio de sua imprensa, elaborou narrativas sobre Elisa que enfatizavam sua coragem, heroísmo e ousadia. Ao mesmo tempo, os jornais comunistas reproduziam normas, padrões e convenções tradicionais sobre a existência feminina na sociedade brasileira. A imagem que surgia de Elisa era a da militante comunista que deveria servir de exemplo para todos os membros do partido, as mulheres em particular, atuando como mãe, esposa e dona de casa no espaço privado e militando em movimentos políticos e sociais no espaço público. Apesar de seu nome ser muito conhecido entre a militância comunista na primeira metade dos anos 1950, Elisa Branco, posteriormente, tornou-se ausente na memória dos militantes e na historiografia sobre o Partido Comunista Brasileiro.

Sabbatical Studies Report ; Croatia has overcome a series of historical and cultural happenings. A war and serious internal conflicts after the break of Yugoslavia have left the country with structural problems that will need a few years to solve. With astonishing landscapes and a large stretch of coastline, Croatia has opened itself to tourism. Presidential and parliamentary elections at the beginning of 2000 ushered in politicians who pledged commitment to Croatia's integration into the European mainstream. Croatia Constitution was changed to accommodate the shift of power away from the President to the Parliament. Croatia joined the World Trade Organization and opened the economy. European Union accession talks were held up because the country's most prominent war crimes suspect, Ante Gotovina, remained at large until 2005. When finally convicted by the UN War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague in April 2011, Croatia successfully completed its EU accession negotiations. It is due to become the EU's 28th member state in 2013. A dispute with Slovenia over the sea and land borders - dating back to the break-up of Yugoslavia - also threatened to delay Croatia's membership until June 2010. The country's EU accession treaty was finally signed in December 2011, after years of tortuous negotiations. A referendum was made on the following month. Croatia was badly affected by the global financial crisis from 2008 up to 2009 and its tourism-oriented economy has suffered tremendous effects and the country has mostly been in recession since 2009. Confronted like other countries in transition periods, with fast privatizations, inefficient legal and administrative system, high unemployment rates, Croatia has imposed itself has one of the leading countries in the Balkans. After the conflicts that broke Yugoslavia apart, Croatia established his monetary and fiscal system initiating the first steps into a market economy. But the rigid mechanism used to regulate the national Kuna introduced several problems and generated an overvalued currency. The situation worsened the trade deficit and threatened the economic stability. The success of tourism, foreign investment and a considerable growth domestic product (above some European countries) can guarantee to Croatia a place among the EU like a modern democracy and a truly free market economy. The European Council granted the status of "candidate country" to Croatia in 2004 and Croatia opened EU accession negotiations on October 2005 and concluded them on June 2011. From an external observer, that is to be considered a tremendous success. However weaknesses in competitiveness have turned Croatia in a relatively small competitor when it comes to global markets. But although good results have been achieved by a strategic country alignment, the business' location remains traditional - near big cities and large metropolitan areas, mainly Zagreb, Rijeka, Split and Dubrovnik. Like Portugal, Croatia seems to suffer from urban macrocephaly and rural exodus. Croatia remains a country with an historical problem concerning development asymmetries. That is also true when it comes to knowledge dissemination. But the Information and Communication Technologies sector (ICT) has to be considered crucial to leverage economic growth assuming at the same time an important role in particular aspects of the so called Information Society (IS). The ICT sector is also crucial for the decrease of territorial asymmetries. But the difference between numbers is larger when it comes to the big cities or metropolitan areas compared with its peripheries or rural regions.

«Contributos para o debate da Epistemologia do Serviço Social» enquanto área de saber autónomo no quadro das ciências sociais consiste num questionamento sobre o Serviço Social e a sua Epistemologia. Reflecte ainda sobre a construção da teoria do Serviço Social incorporando um método reflexivo na definição e clarificação do objecto de estudo e de intervenção desta área de saber. Desenvolvemos uma análise facilitadora da compreensão da distinção do conhecimento comum do conhecimento científico em Serviço Social. Identificamos ainda o conjunto de obstáculos epistemológicos no Serviço Social motivando um debate aprofundado sobre os princípios e fundamentos teóricos do Serviço Social como área científica do conhecimento contemporâneo. «Contributions to the discussion of Social Work Epistemology» as an autonomous area of knowledge within the Social Sciences is a question about Social Work and its epistemology. It reflects on the construction of the theory of Social Work incorporating a reflective method in defining and clarifying the subject of study and intervention in this area of ​​knowledge. We developed an analysis facilitates understanding of the distinction between common knowledge of scientific knowledge in social work. Has identified a set of epistemological obstacles in Social Work, motivating a discussion on the principles and theoretical foundations of social work as a scientific field of contemporary knowledge

The fight against money laundering has taken center stage in the global arena. The European Union (EU), in line with various international organizations, plays an active role in the fight against this crime and promotes anti money laundering directions to its member states. The statistics regarding Portugal (a member of the EU since 1986) indicate that it lags behind most of the EU members in terms of reporting of suspicions of money laundering. This paper adopts a game theory approach to study the efficiency of the combat against money laundering in Portugal, both with regard to the financial and the non financial sector of the economy. Additionally, the paper studies the impact of the increase of sanctions, as recommended by the 4th Directive 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20th May of 2015, on that combat. The results show that the low probability of the institutions being caught (and fined) for not complying with their reporting duties, coupled with the low conviction rates for money laundering crimes, justifies the reduced number of suspicious transactions reported. The findings highlight that an increase of sanctions, on both financial and non financial institutions, would tend to augment the efficiency of the combat against money laundering in Portugal.

Este artigo procura sistematizar elementos de análise e de reflexão sobre o sistema de protecção à infância em Portugal, como área de intervenção e estudo do Serviço Social. Analisa o problema da criança integrada em contextos sociais, familiares e culturais desfavorecidos que limitam a concretização dos seus direitos e do seu bem-estar. Questiona algumas dimensões do problema que constitui objecto de estudo do Serviço Social no quadro do modelo social europeu, bem como do modelo de coordenação aberta das políticas sociais de protecção à infância e à família.

O uso "viciante" das tecnologias digitais de comunicação e informação é examinado, neste artigo, à luz da noção de "mal-estar" apresentada por Sigmund Freud em 1930. Recorrendo à perspectiva genealógica, considera-se que as transformações históricas ocorridas nas últimas décadas afetaram fortemente a configuração das subjetividades e os modos de sofrer, distanciando-se da civilização moderna que motivou as reflexões freudianas. Os sujeitos contemporâneos já não se reconhecem como aqueles cidadãos disciplinados da sociedade industrial, que em nome do "bem comum" aceitavam a submissão a uma autoridade internalizada, moral e legalmente consensuada, à qual era preciso obedecer reprimindo outros impulsos. Por isso, a inquietação que suscita a crescente dependência da conexão às redes informáticas, um ato individual e voluntário embora difícil de se (auto)controlar, constitui um caso exemplar para estudar essas importantes mudanças.

El objeto de estudio del Trabajo Social ha sido elaborado tradicionalmente desde una matriz de profesión de intervención social, y sólo en la última década del siglo XX se comenzó a construir a través de una matriz basada en investigación. Así, este artículo procura profundizar en la construcción teórica del su objeto de estudio utilizando como metodología un análisis de frecuencia y contingencia de las palabras clave de 132 TFM en Trabajo Social de ISCTE-Instituto Universitario de Lisboa entre 2009 y 2017, sistematizándolas bajo categorías creadas ad hoc. Los resultados muestran que en la actualidad el objeto de estudio del Trabajo Social asume nuevos indicadores tales como la práctica reflexiva, ética y deontología o derechos humanos, aunque existe una continuidad en el estudio de las categorías clásicas (infancia, familia, vejez, etc.). El artículo discute las implicaciones de estos elementos para la construcción del objeto de estudio de Trabajo Social. Social Work' object of study has traditionally been elaborated from a social intervention profesión matrix, being that only in the last decade of the twentieth century began to be built through a research-based knowledge matrix. Thus, this article seeks to deepen the theoretical construction of the object of study of Social Work using as a methodology a frequency and contingency keywords analysis of 132 Social Work Dissertations of ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon between 2009 and 2017, systematizing them into ad hoc categories that were created. The results show that currently the object of study of Social Work assumes new indicators such as reflective practice, ethics and deontology or human rights, although there is continuity in the study of the classic categories (childhood, family, old age, etc.). The article discusses the implications of these elements for the construction of the Social Work study object.