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zugl.: Münster/Westf., Univ., Diss., 2002

Why did »equality« become prominent in European societies based on hierarchy during the Enlightenment? What does »equality« imply for societies, politics, or legal systems? The contributors to this volume draw on various historical case studies, from visionary practices in revolutionary France and the collection of data on the poor in 19th-century Germany, to claims raised under the minority regime of the League of Nations and the anti-discrimination politics of the UN and India. The dynamics of universalizing equality are contrasted with a concept asserting that equality must be limited to and by order. The contributions thus explore concepts of equality from the perspectives of history and law and show that practices of comparing were essential when it came to imagining others as equal, fighting discrimination, or scandalizing social inequalities.

Why did "equality" become prominent in European societies based on hierarchy during the Enlightenment? What does »equality« imply for societies, politics, or legal systems? The contributors to this volume draw on various historical case studies, from visionary practices in revolutionary France and the collection of data on the poor in 19th-century Germany, to claims raised under the minority regime of the League of Nations and the anti-discrimination politics of the UN and India. The dynamics of universalizing equality are contrasted with a concept asserting that equality must be limited to and by order. The contributions thus explore concepts of equality from the perspectives of history and law and show that practices of comparing were essential when it came to imagining others as equal, fighting discrimination, or scandalizing social inequalities.

Paralleljustiz, Antidiskriminierungsgesetze, Rechtstransfer - das Thema "Recht und Diversität" verbindet unterschiedlichste aktuelle Diskussionen und erweist sich als zentral für den gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit Differenz und Gleichheit. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes - aus der Geschichts- und Rechtswissenschaft sowie den Jüdischen Studien - rücken dieses Thema in eine historische Perspektive und nehmen Konstellationen und Umgangsweisen mit Rechtsvielfalt von der Frühen Neuzeit bis in die Gegenwart in den Blick. Beleuchtet werden Situationen des Kulturkontakts und des interreligiösen Zusammenlebens sowie global agierende Akteur*innen und Organisationen in Europa, Asien, den Amerikas und Afrika.

This book presents a new conceptual framework for comparative and entangled research on transcultural state formation. It examines concepts of statehood to provide conceptual tools to analyze the transcultural appropriation of governmental technologies

AbstractThis article tests the usefulness of concepts from translation studies to understand the dynamics and mechanisms of cultural translation. It asks what is happening when people translate. What do they do when they translate? From a historical perspective, we apply translation theories as analytical kit on the cultural translation process created by the Jesuit missionaries teaching the Eucharist in contact zones during early modern times. In a first part, we present the conceptual tool box borrowed from translation studies (Lefevere, Venuti, Nida). In the analytical part, we apply this instrument to Jesuit translation: How did the Jesuits translate the concept of body in the sacrament of Eucharist for a general audience in the multilingual and transcultural missionary contexts? It is generally difficult to transfer knowledge by translation. The translation of the Eucharist is not only difficult regarding the aim of a true translation, its fidelity to the source, but it can become a question of orthodoxy or heresy. The translation of Eucharist concerns the theology of transubstantiation, real presence or a symbolic understanding of the body; a crucial topic in the early modern European context. The semantics of the body are closely related to this theological issue as are the different cultural practices and understanding of them, particularly in non-European cultural settings. In this Jesuit case study, the dynamics of the cultural translation process are unearthed: Which methods and technics did missionaries apply to translate theological concepts? How did they accommodate and negotiate the knowledge transfer with the local cultural grids? How did they create dynamic equivalence in order to be understood? To what degree was the translation adopted by the intended audience? With the developed tool kit we unravel a complex, multi-layered translating process that was influenced by the translator, the audience, the cultural and linguistic context as well as the power asymmetries inherent to the process.

"Zunächst führt die Einleitung kurz in die Problematik der Historisierung von Staat und Staatlichkeit ein und gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der einschlägigen Historiographie. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die zentralen Analysekonzepte vorgestellt, namentlich jenes der 'Transkulturalität' und des 'Staates'. Wie relevant die Frage nach transkulturellen Dimensionen von Staatlichkeit auch in theoretisch-methodischer Hinsicht ist, macht der Blick auf die Debatten um Staat/Staatlichkeit deutlich, der zugleich von der Persistenz des Mythos von der 'europäischen Erfindung des Staats' zeugt. Abschließend werden die nachfolgenden Fallstudien kurz eingeführt und einige übergreifende Linien und gemeinsame Befunde herausgestellt." (Autorenreferat)