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Drawing from the contributions of feminist economics and ecological economics, this paper explores the interconnection between the crisis of care and the deepening ecological crisis. It argues that there are crucial interdependence between the market economy and the reproductive economy and between the entire human (economic) system and the ecosystems that must be ardently addressed. Building on the extensive work of feminist economists and ecological economists, it demonstrates that an obsessive preoccupation on material economic growth in the economic paradigm inadequately address the care requirements of human maintenance and social reproduction and the vital dependence of human life on the ecosystem, but actively contributes to crisis creation and intensification. The paper also evaluates whether the mainstream economic solution of having 'more and better markets' can adequately address these crises. Finally, it provides an alternative framework based on feminist economics and ecological approaches, for developing gender-sensitive and environment-aware economic policies. Adapted from the source document.

The effect of a development strategy on women can be attributed to a host of factors that leads either to their integration or marginalization in the development process. Some of these factors relate to the persistent gender inequalities in society while others are generated by a pattern of economic change that heightens class differentiation. This paper examines how agricultural commercialization, as a result of export cropping, has affected rural women - both as workers and as family members. Based on the time allocation of 374 women in the Philippines, it empirically investigates the changes brought about by the shift from corn (semi-subsistence) farming to sugar (export) production on the magnitude and form of women's productive roles at home, in the farm and in the labor market.

The articles in this Symposium on the Care Economy contend that a better understanding of the care work that households provide would deepen our understanding of how economies operate and why public policies may or may not have their desired impact.

Globally, the dependency ratio is rising due to increase in aging population. Individuals, especially women are challenged when choosing between participating in the labor market and providing care. Using 2011-2017 American Time Use Survey data for a subsample of individuals aged 25- 61 years, we examine the effect of frequent eldercare provision on labor force participation in the US using bivariate probit instrumental variable approach. Our findings suggest that unpaid eldercare performed frequently reduces labor force participation. Female frequent providers are likely to have lower labor force participation compared to their male counterparts. Robustness and sensitivity checks confirm these findings.

We investigate if participation in Indian Self Help Group microfinance program (SHG) results in reducing vulnerability. Vulnerability estimates are constructed using crosssectional SHG rural household survey data, collected in 2003. The potential selection bias is eliminated by propensity score matching to estimate the average treatment on treated effect using nearest neighbour matching and local linear regression algorithm. We find that despite a disproportionately high percentage of poor in the SHG members, vulnerability is not significantly different between the SHG and non-SHG members. This result is found to be robust using sensitivity analysis and Rosenbaum bounds method.