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Iznosi se izbor ključnih aspekata načina na koje su se otuđenje čovjeka i ljudska sloboda zamišljali i doživljavali u kontekstu reformacije i Oktobarske revolucije. Nastoji se odgovoriti na sljedeće pitanje: Je li točno da se negativna antropologija reformatora paradoksalno povezivala sa širenjem pojedinačne i društvene slobode, dok se pozitivna antropologija sovjetskih revolucionara povezivala sa smanjivanjem tih sloboda? S jedne strane, danas se prihvaća da je reformacija pomogla poticanju i učvršćivanju poimanja političke i osobne slobode u Europi, no ne bez proturječja i nauštrb stvaranja uske veze između nastajućih političkih i ekonomskih sila koje su se počele uspostavljati u novome svjetskom poretku naziva »kapitalizam«. S druge strane, Oktobarska revolucija, koja je sebe razumijevala kao onu koja u praksu dovodi Marxove ideje i otvara vrata povijesti novome dobu slobode i napretka, pomogla je formirati režim kojim upravlja profesionalna birokracija koncentrirajući u svojim rukama svu ekonomsku i političku moć te pokrećući slijepi mehanizam ugnjetavanja pojedinca i zajednice. Ipak, Oktobarska je revolucija imala i jedan neočekivani ishod: širenje kršćanskoga vjerovanja o pobožanstvenjenju na Zapadu. ; In this paper are briefly presented some key aspects of how human alienation and human freedom were conceived and experienced in the context of Reformation and October Revolution. An attempt is made to answer the following question: Is it true that the negative anthropology of the Reformers was paradoxically associated with an expansion of individual and social freedom, while the positive anthropology of the Soviet revolutionaries was associated with a reduction thereof? It is accepted today that the Reform helped to foster and to consolidate the notion of political and personal freedom in Europe, but not without contradictions and at the expense of forming a close alliance with the emerging political and economic powers that were beginning to establish the new world order known as "capitalism". Moreover, the October Revolution, that understood itself as bringing into practice Marx's ideas and opening the door of history to a new Era of freedom and prosperity, helped to form a regime ruled by a professional bureaucracy concentrating in its hands all economic and political power and setting into motion a blind mechanism of oppression of the individual and the community. Nevertheless, the October Revolution had one unexpected aftermath: The Western expansion of the Christian belief on theosis (divinization).