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RésuméLa Directive 11/2013, relative au règlement extrajudiciaire des litiges de consommation (REL), cherche à renforcer les modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits, en leur attribuant le rôle de véritables instruments pour l'effectivité du droit d'accès à la justice. Cet article analyse les défis qui se posent de manière singulière quand les litiges sont transfrontaliers: d'une part, les problèmes habituels des litiges en matière de consommation se voient aggravés (coût, manque de connaissance, manque de confiance); par ailleurs, des nouveaux problèmes apparaissent, qui découlent surtout du fait que la procédure de REL se déroule souvent dans un pays qui n'est pas celui du domicile du consommateur (couverture, langue, loi applicable, efficacité de la décision de REL). Les solutions proposées par la Directive - ou, dans le contexte plus réduit du commerce en ligne, par le Règlement 524/2013 relatif au règlement en ligne des litiges de consommation - montrent comment les autorités européennes ont été conscientes de ces difficultés, bien qu'elles aient souvent préféré de leur faire face de manière indirecte.

El presente trabajo pretende analizar las tendencias que han impulsado las reformas de los procesos penales en los países de Europa a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, con especial atención al desarrollo legislativo en Alemania, Francia y Reino Unido, además de en España. En un primer momento, predominó el esfuerzo por reforzar las garantías del sujeto pasivo y por establecer modelos de proceso penal más acusatorios y contradictorios. A esta tendencia se le sumaron con posterioridad otras dos: de un lado, la necesidad de que el proceso penal sirva para la tutela de los derechos e intereses de la víctima; de otro, promover una mayor eficacia en la persecución penal de las modalidades delictivas más graves y de la criminalidad organizada, permitiendo la adopción en esos ámbitos de medidas cautelares y de investigación fuertemente restrictivas de derechos fundamentales. En el momento actual, y de cara al futuro, deben añadirse las reformas exigidas por la necesidad de incorporar las normas procesales penales de origen europeo. Pero son, en todo caso, las concretas exigencias de política legislativa interna las que han de marcar con mayor intensidad la pauta de las reformas procesales venideras.

"This comprehensive Commentary provides article-by-article exploration of EU Regulation 655/2014, analysing and outlining in a straightforward manner the steps that lawyers, businesses and banks can take when involved in debt recovery. It offers a detailed discussion of national practice and legislation in order to provide context and a deeper understanding of the complex difficulties surrounding the procedural system created by the European Account Preservation Order (EAPO) Regulation. Aiming to offer a practical and comprehensive overview of the EAPO Regulation, this book highlights its strengths and potential to increase the efficiency of cross-border debt recovery within the European judicial area. D'Alessandro and Gascón Inchausti examine the descriptive and analytical literature focusing on the EAPO Regulation, while also considering available reports and national case law databases. The book also takes into account the interplay between the EAPO Regulation and the other instruments of the European Law of Civil Procedure, and provides analysis of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and national courts. Key Features: -Article-by-article commentary and analysis - Practical direction in the field of cross-border debt recovery - Detailed discussion of national practice within the EU - A contextual approach Offering a clear and direct way to address the issues and solutions surrounding EAPO Regulation, this comprehensive book will be an ideal companion for legal practitioners specializing in debt recovery as well as students interested in European law and finance"--

"This comprehensive Commentary provides article-by-article exploration of EU Regulation 655/2014, analysing and outlining in a straightforward manner the steps that lawyers, businesses and banks can take when involved in debt recovery. It offers a detailed discussion of national practice and legislation in order to provide context and a deeper understanding of the complex difficulties surrounding the procedural system created by the European Account Preservation Order (EAPO) Regulation. Aiming to offer a practical and comprehensive overview of the EAPO Regulation, this book highlights its strengths and potential to increase the efficiency of cross-border debt recovery within the European judicial area. D'Alessandro and Gascón Inchausti examine the descriptive and analytical literature focusing on the EAPO Regulation, while also considering available reports and national case law databases. The book also takes into account the interplay between the EAPO Regulation and the other instruments of the European Law of Civil Procedure, and provides analysis of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and national courts. Key Features: -Article-by-article commentary and analysis - Practical direction in the field of cross-border debt recovery - Detailed discussion of national practice within the EU - A contextual approach Offering a clear and direct way to address the issues and solutions surrounding EAPO Regulation, this comprehensive book will be an ideal companion for legal practitioners specializing in debt recovery as well as students interested in European law and finance"--