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Introduction : the study of Arab responses to fascism and Nazism in Middle Eastern studies / Israel Gershoni -- A challenge to the local order : reactions to Nazism in the Syrian and Lebanese press / Gøtz Nordbruch -- Against the tide : the secret alliance between the Syrian National Bloc leaders and Great Britain, 1941-1942 / Meir Zamir -- Memoirs do not deceive : Syrians confront fascism and Nazism -- as reflected in the memoirs of Syrian political leaders and intellectuals / Eyal Zisser -- More than the mufti : other Arab-Palestinian voices on Nazi Germany, 1933-1945, and their postwar narrations / Renø Wildangel -- The Spanish Civil War as reflected in contemporary Palestinian press / Mustafa Kabha -- Iraqi shadows, Iraqi lights : anti-fascist and anti-Nazi voices in monarchic Iraq, 1932-1941 / Orit Bashkin -- The view from the embassy : British assessments of Egyptian attitudes during World War II / James Jankowski -- The rise of homemade Egyptian communism : a response to the challenge posed by fascism and Nazism? / Rami Ginat -- "The crime of Nazism against humanity" : Ahmad Hasan al-Zayyat and the outbreak of the World War II / Israel Gershoni -- The war and the Holocaust in the Egyptian public discourse, 1945-1947 / Esther Webman -- The tiger and the lion : fascism and Ethiopia in Arab eyes / Haggai Erlich.

The oral-cultural context of the Talmud Yerushalmi: Greco-Roman rhetorical paideia, discipleship, and the concept of oral Torah / Martin S. Jaffee -- Between Byzantium and Islam: the transmission of a Jewish book in the Byzantine and early Islamic periods / Paul Mandel -- Orality and the institutionalization of tradition: the growth of the Geonic Yeshiva and the Islamic Madrasa / Daphna Ephrat and Yaakov Elman -- Transmission in thirteenth-century Kabbalah / Moshe Idel -- Beyond the spoken word: oral tradition and written transmission in medieval Jewish mysticism / Elliot R. Wolfson -- Publication and reproduction of literary texts in medieval Jewish civilization: Jewish scribality and its impact on the texts transmitted / Malachi Beit-Arié -- The sermon as oral performance / Marc Saperstein -- From east to west: translating Y.L. Perets in early twentieth-century Germany / Jeffrey Grossman -- The Kinnus project: Wissenschaft des Judentums and the fashioning of a "national culture" in Palestine / Israel Bartal -- "Secondary intellectuals," readers, and readership as agents of national-cultural reproduction in modern Egypt / Israel Gershoni

The authors examine the emergence of nationalism among the Egyptian middle class during the 1930s and 1940s, and its growing awareness of an Arab and Muslim identity. Previously Egypt did not define itself in these terms, but adopted a territorial and isolationist outlook. It is the revolutionary transformation in Egyptian self-understanding which took place during this period that provides the focus of this study. The authors demonstrate how the growth of an urban middle class, combined with economic and political failures in the 1930s, eroded the foundations of the earlier order. Alongside domestic events, the momentum of Arabism abroad and the impact of events in Palestine, necessitated Egyptian regional involvement. Egypt's present position as a major player in Arab, Muslim and Third World affairs has its roots in the fundamental transition of Egyptian national identity at this time

In this study of the development of Egyptian nationalism during the early part of this century, the authors argue that it was slow to evolve because Islam constituted both a religious and a political community that did not recognize territorial boundaries.

Throughout the 20th century, Egyptian nationalism has alternately revolved around three primary axes: a local Egyptian territorial nationalism, a sense of Arab ethnic-linguistic nationalism, and an identification with the wider Muslim community. This detailed study is the first to systematically examine Egyptian territorial nationalism as both ideology and praxis--from the ascendancy of an exclusively Egyptianist national orientation during World War I to the intellectual and political dimensions of the phenomenon as it flourished in the interwar years