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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Reducing Government Expenditure Growth: A British View -- Comment: -- How to Reduce Government Growth: An American View -- Comment: -- Restructuring Fiscal Federalism -- Comment: -- Policy for the Nationalised Industries: The British Problem -- Comment: -- Declining Subsidies to Higher Education: An Economic Analysis -- Reassessing the Cost of Social Insurance Programs -- Comment: -- Reforming Social Security for Old Age -- Comment: -- The Role of Government in the Housing Sector -- Comment: -- Market Approaches to Environmental Protection -- Comment: -- Deregulating Air Transportation: The U.S. Experience -- Comment:.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- I. Services and the Changing Economic Structure -- Modern Service Sector Growth: Causes and Effects -- Discussant -- Defining and Measuring Output and Productivity in the Service Sector -- Discussant -- II. International Aspects -- International Transactions Involving Interactions: A Conceptual Framework Combining Goods and Services -- Services and Comparative Advantage Theory -- Discussant -- Trade and Foreign-Owned Production in Services: Some Conceptual and Theoretical Issues -- Discussant -- III. Sectoral Analysis -- Telecommunications and the Scope of the Market in Services -- Discussant -- Telecommunications Policy - Assessing Recent Experience in the US, Japan and Europe and Its Implications for the Completion of the Internal Common Market -- Discussants -- Tyll Necker -- Herbert Ungerer -- Protection and the Structure of the Banking Industry in an International Context -- Discussant -- Integrated World Markets in Services: Problems and Prospects -- Discussant -- IV. Services and International Division of Labour -- North-South Trade in Services: Some Empirical Evidence -- Discussant -- List of Contributors.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- Preface -- I. Macroeconomic Issues for Europe in the 1980s: Can the NAIRU Be Tamed? -- Comment -- II. The Case for Rules in the Conduct of Monetary Policy: A Concrete Example -- The Rules-versus-Discretion Debate in the Light of Recent Experience -- Comments -- Summary of the Discussion -- III. Wage Gaps versus Output Gaps: Is There a Common Story for All of Europe? -- Compositional Effects and Unemployment in the United States and Europe -- Comments -- Summary of the Discussion -- IV. Labor Market Barriers to More Employment: Causes for an Increase of the Natural Rate? The Case of West Germany -- Distortions, Incentives, and Growth -- Comments -- Summary of the Discussion -- V. Money Supply versus Exchange-Rate Targeting: An Asymmetry between the United States and Other Industrial Economies -- Comments -- Summary of the Discussion -- VI. Macroeconomic Policy Coordination: Where Should We Stand? -- Comments -- Summary of the Discussion -- VII. The Right Combination of Demand and Supply Policies: The Case for a Two-Handed Approach -- Comments -- Summary of the Discussion -- VIII. Lessons for Europe -- List of Contributors.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- FIRST KEY: THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER -- I. The Struggle for the Succession -- Disorder and Panic -- Dictatorship as the Rupture of Legitimacy -- Why Collective Leadership Is Transitory -- Candidates for the Succession -- Potential Power Levers -- The Party Machine: Malenkov and Khrushchev -- The Secret Police: Beria -- The Army as a Potential Power Lever -- Makeweights or Mass Organizations? -- II. A New Look at That Soviet "New Look -- A Dictatorship Requires a Dictator -- Ebb and Reflux of the Stalin Cult -- The "New" Men -- Peaceful Coexistence -- Continuing the Revolution from Above: The New Lands -- Stalinism" After Stalin -- SECOND KEY: THE COORDINATION OF CULTURE -- I. Marxism after One Hundred Years -- Oracle of Doom -- Still the Apocalypse -- Marx's Betrayers-Man and History -- A "Science" and a Faith -- Flotsam from the Shipwreck -- Deviations and Detours -- II. Operation Rewrite: The Agony of Soviet Historians -- Unpersons, Unpeoples, Unobjects -- Fall of the Pokrovsky School -- The Creator of Soviet Historical Science -- Crisis in the Ideological Foundations of the Regime -- Meaning of the Hate-America Campaign -- The New Imperial Historiography -- Marx to the "Memory -- The Aims of "Operation Rewrite -- Totalitarianism and History -- III. The New Gospel According to Khrushchev -- Mutability of the Authorized Text -- Stalin's Short Course -- Party without a History -- Khrushchev's Authorized Version -- History without Men or Deeds -- The Leader Cult-End and Beginning -- IV. Science Joins the Party -- Portrait of Trofim Lysenko -- Laws of Heredity Passed by the Politburo -- A Bomb in a Scientific Congress -- The Chain Reaction: Purge in the Other Sciences -- Giant of Brass with Feet of Clay -- Postscript: Seven Years Later.

Herbert Giersch hat die ökonomische Entwicklung Deutschlands - von der Nachkriegszeit bis ins 21. Jahrhundert - durchgehend begleitet und mitgestaltet: Als Präsident des einflussreichen Instituts für Weltwirtschaft in Kiel. Als Kommentator, der mit einer präzisen und eleganten Sprache die großen Ökonomisierungs- und Globalisierungsdebatten dieser Tage vorweggenommen hat. Ein engagierter Anhänger der freien Weltwirtschaft, hat Giersch frühzeitig das Ende der Nationalökonomie ausgerufen und die Gefahren benannt, die dem Hochlohnland Deutschland daraus erwachsen würden. Auch zu anderen Themen der Zeit hat Giersch über fünf Jahrzehnte hinweg klar Stellung bezogen: für den Individualismus und gegen die Überregulierung, für mehr Wettbewerb und gegen Protektionismus, für Ludwig Erhards Modell einer freien sozialen Marktwirtschaft und gegen das Beziehungsgeflecht zwischen Staat und Interessengruppen. Die offene Gesellschaft und ihre Wirtschaft versammelt Aufsätze, Interviews und bisher unveröffentlichtes Material. Der Querschnitt lässt deutsche Wirtschaftsgeschichte Revue passieren, greift die großen Grundsatzdebatten auf und spricht dabei auch Leser an, die keine ökonomischen Vorkenntnisse mitbringen. Giersch beweist, so der Schriftsteller Martin Walser, ""dass Wissenschaft immer auch noch erzählbar ist - und das sogar auf Deutsch"".

The state is in retreat; markets and private ownership gain ground. But where is the borderline? The authors in this volume, mainly economists but not only, explore it. Part I deals with questions of social philosophy from various standpoints - libertarian, communitarist, economic-sociological and institutional. Part II deals with the frontiers of markets in such areas as legal services, health services, education and the arts. Part III tackles normative issues of global trade such as competition policy, trade in "bads" and social standards. The volume contains contributions by David M. Anderson, Bruce L. Benson, Peter J. Boettke, Anne O. Krueger and Chonira E. Aturupane, Deepak Lal, Gary B. Madison, Dennis C. Mueller, Mark V. Pauly, Alan Peacock, Stefan Voigt and Daniel Kiwit, Edwin G.West

The welfare state has come under increasing pressure. This raises numerous questions with regard to how to reform it. At an international conference held in Prague, the Czech Republic, a group of experts discussed some important reform issues. Their analyses and proposals are presented in this volume which deals with the following questions: What types of welfare states are there? To what extent does moral hazard limit the provision of social insurance? What are the pros and cons of a negative income tax? What are the characteristics of the "Swedish Model" of a welfare state? Is this model dead? What are the objectives of the welfare state in Germany? Why and how should a pay-as-you-go old-age pension system be transformed in to a capital reserve system? What trends in reforming health care systems can be observed?

Unemployment is the most pressing issue of economic policy in present-day Europe. Why are unemployment levels so high? Why are they higher compared to the past and to countries outside Europe, notably the U.S.? What is the nature of this unemployment crisis? And, how can unemployment be reduced? These and related questions are addressed in this book by a number of experts on the subject of unemployment. The book is divided into three parts. Part I presents the history of unemployment, Part II deals with the nature and causes of the present unemployment crisis in Europe and Part III with policy measures to reduce unemployment. The volume contains contributions by S. Brittan, M.C. Burda, R.N. Cooper, B. Eichengreen, R.B. Freeman, P. Minford, K.-H. Paqué, H. Sneessens, R. Vaubel and C. Wyplosz

The papers in this volume cover the subject of international migration. The three papers in the first part deal with general aspects. The first paper discusses the influence of migration on world development (Hatton and Williamson), the second models the patterns of labor migration when workers differ in their skills and information is asymmetric (Stark), and the third explores the economics of international labor and capital flows (Grubel). The second part focuses on experiences in the United States and contains four papers. These papers discuss the performance of immigrants in the U.S. labor market (Chiswick), the influence of immigrants on entrepreneurship in the nineteenth-century U.S. (Ferrie and Mokyr), ethnic identity, assimilation of immigrants, and the intergenerational transmission of immigrants' skills (Borjas), and the labor market consequences of U.S. immigration (Greenwood and McDowell). The three papers in the final part discuss lessons for Europe's migration policies. The first paper asks whether immigration policy can help to stabilize social security systems (Felderer), the second explores the economic consequences of immigration and the resulting lessons for immigration policies (Simon), and the third reviews the conference's papers in the light of recent European developments (Zimmermann)

This volume examines key aspects of international economic theory and policy. Six papers deal with money and exchange rates. They discuss historical evidence on free banking, the question whether speculation in foreign exchange markets is stabilizing or destabilizing, the insulation properties of flexible exchange rates, the economics of the Louvre Accord, some basic issues of the German Monetary Union and the merits offinancial liberalization in developing countries. Five papers deal with international trade. They focus on the integration of fiscal policy into thetheory of international trade, theoretical aspects of international factor flows, the relation between trade restrictions and exchange rates, the recent shift of the United States` trade policy toward agressive unilateralism and the theory and practice of commercial policies since 1945. Of the remaining two papers, one discusses basic concepts of welfare economies while the other reassesses the vital link between competition and economic growth. The contributors include internationally renowned scholars. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Egon Sohmen, who was one of the prominent early advocates of flexible exchange rates